Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Two-dimensional excavation area (mm2) of the ant chamber in experimental galls of C. scutellaris containing aphids (P. juglandis). Qa = queen only + aphids; Qwba = C. scutellaris queen + workers + brood + aphids. SE interval is shown for each bar. The bars with the same letter are not statistically different (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc tests).
