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. 2021 Jan 30;13(2):461. doi: 10.3390/nu13020461

Table 4.

Longitudinal associations between concentrations of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in serum phospholipids and incident AD dementia over a 7-year follow-up period (n = 1221).

Fatty acids Model 1 Model 2
HR (95% CI) p HR (95% CI) p
Omega-3 fatty acids
alpha-Linolenic acid (SD) 0.88 (0.73; 1.05) 0.148 0.91 (0.76; 1.09) 0.286
Eicosapentaenoic acid (SD) 0.75 (0.62; 0.92) 0.004 0.76 (0.63; 0.93) 0.008
Docosahexaenoic acid (SD) 0.84 (0.71; 0.99) 0.043 0.87 (0.74; 1.04) 0.123
Omega-6 fatty acids
Linoleic acid (SD) 1.04 (0.91; 1.19) 0.547 1.07 (0.94; 1.20) 0.307
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (SD) 1.00 (0.87; 1.17) 0.959 1.02 (0.88; 1.20) 0.762
Arachidonic acid (SD) 0.96 (0.83; 1.12) 0.625 0.94 (0.81; 1.10) 0.469

Abbreviations: AD = Alzheimer’s disease; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; n-3 = omega-3 fatty acids; n-6 = omega-6 fatty acids. Model 1: age, gender, APOE ε4, education. Model 2: Model 1 plus BMI, physical activity, smoking, cognitive decline, alpha-tocopherol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and lipid-lowering medication (i.e., statins and fibrates). A p-value < 0.05 is considered to be statistical significant.