Table 4.
Longitudinal associations between concentrations of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in serum phospholipids and incident AD dementia over a 7-year follow-up period (n = 1221).
| Fatty acids | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Omega-3 fatty acids | ||||
| alpha-Linolenic acid (SD) | 0.88 (0.73; 1.05) | 0.148 | 0.91 (0.76; 1.09) | 0.286 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (SD) | 0.75 (0.62; 0.92) | 0.004 | 0.76 (0.63; 0.93) | 0.008 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (SD) | 0.84 (0.71; 0.99) | 0.043 | 0.87 (0.74; 1.04) | 0.123 |
| Omega-6 fatty acids | ||||
| Linoleic acid (SD) | 1.04 (0.91; 1.19) | 0.547 | 1.07 (0.94; 1.20) | 0.307 |
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (SD) | 1.00 (0.87; 1.17) | 0.959 | 1.02 (0.88; 1.20) | 0.762 |
| Arachidonic acid (SD) | 0.96 (0.83; 1.12) | 0.625 | 0.94 (0.81; 1.10) | 0.469 |
Abbreviations: AD = Alzheimer’s disease; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; n-3 = omega-3 fatty acids; n-6 = omega-6 fatty acids. Model 1: age, gender, APOE ε4, education. Model 2: Model 1 plus BMI, physical activity, smoking, cognitive decline, alpha-tocopherol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and lipid-lowering medication (i.e., statins and fibrates). A p-value < 0.05 is considered to be statistical significant.