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. 2021 Jan 30;13(2):461. doi: 10.3390/nu13020461

Table 6.

Longitudinal associations between percentage n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in serum phospholipids and incident AD dementia over a 7-year follow-up period (n = 1221).

Fatty acids Model 1 Model 2
HR (95% CI) p HR (95% CI) p
Omega-3 fatty acids
alpha-Linolenic acid (SD) 0.90 (0.76; 1.05) 0.172 0.93 (0.79; 1.09) 0.345
Eicosapentaenoic acid (SD) 0.84 (0.70; 1.00) 0.051 0.86 (0.72; 1.03) 0.096
Docosahexaenoic acid (SD) 1.05 (0.91; 1.21) 0.516 1.11 (0.96; 1.28) 0.176
Omega-6 fatty acids
Linoleic acid (SD) 1.08 (0.93; 1.25) 0.324 1.10 (0.96; 1.28) 0.175
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (SD) 1.07 (0.92; 1.24) 0.391 1.09 (0.94; 1.28) 0.264
Arachidonic acid (SD) 1.00 (0.88; 1.16) 0.989 0.96 (0.82; 1.12) 0.589

Abbreviations: AD = Alzheimer’s disease; DHA= docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; n-3 = omega-3 fatty acids; n-6 = omega-6 fatty acids. Model 1: age, gender, APOE ε4, education. Model 2: Model 1 plus BMI, physical activity, smoking, cognitive decline, alpha-tocopherol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and lipid-lowering medication (i.e., statins and fibrates). A p-value < 0.05 is considered to be statistical significant.