Table 6.
Longitudinal associations between percentage n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in serum phospholipids and incident AD dementia over a 7-year follow-up period (n = 1221).
| Fatty acids | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | |
| Omega-3 fatty acids | ||||
| alpha-Linolenic acid (SD) | 0.90 (0.76; 1.05) | 0.172 | 0.93 (0.79; 1.09) | 0.345 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (SD) | 0.84 (0.70; 1.00) | 0.051 | 0.86 (0.72; 1.03) | 0.096 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (SD) | 1.05 (0.91; 1.21) | 0.516 | 1.11 (0.96; 1.28) | 0.176 |
| Omega-6 fatty acids | ||||
| Linoleic acid (SD) | 1.08 (0.93; 1.25) | 0.324 | 1.10 (0.96; 1.28) | 0.175 |
| Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (SD) | 1.07 (0.92; 1.24) | 0.391 | 1.09 (0.94; 1.28) | 0.264 |
| Arachidonic acid (SD) | 1.00 (0.88; 1.16) | 0.989 | 0.96 (0.82; 1.12) | 0.589 |
Abbreviations: AD = Alzheimer’s disease; DHA= docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; n-3 = omega-3 fatty acids; n-6 = omega-6 fatty acids. Model 1: age, gender, APOE ε4, education. Model 2: Model 1 plus BMI, physical activity, smoking, cognitive decline, alpha-tocopherol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and lipid-lowering medication (i.e., statins and fibrates). A p-value < 0.05 is considered to be statistical significant.