Table 3.

Treatment advances for the management of cryptococcal infection with antifungal drugs.

Drug	Findings	Reference
Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB), 1 mg/Kg/day	Hepatic and renal toxicity Side effects: Anemia Electrolytic abnormalities Reactions at the site of infusion	Lawrence et al., 2018 [108] Molloy et al., 2018 [109] Molefi et al., 2015 [110]
Liposomal AmB (L-AmB) 10 mg/Kg	Less toxic Single dose administration Longer half-life More effectively penetrates the brain tissues	Lawrence et al., 2018 [108] Molloy et al., 2018 [109] Molefi et al., 2015 [110]
Encochleated amphotericin B deoxycholate (cAMB) 1–2 g per day	In test-EnACT Trial	Skipper et al., 2020 [111]
Flucytosine (5-FC) 50–150 mg/kg/day	Provides most effective fungicidal activity when combined with AmB	Concha-Velasco et al., 2017 [112]
Voriconazole (VCZ) 400 mg/day	Good bioavailability Higher cost No statistically significant differences between VCZ and AMB/FLU or AmB/5-FC	Loyse et al., 2012 [113] Li et al., 2016 [114] Zeng et al., 2020 [115]
Posaconazole Isavuconazole Itraconazole	Used as a second-line agent in combination with AmB Exhibit drug–drug interactions and toxicity	Wong et al., 2020 [116] Jørgensen et al., 2019 [117] Houšť et al., 2020 [118]
VT-1129	Highly selective for fungal CYP51 Minimal effect on human cytochrome P450	Lockhart et al., 2016 [119] Nielsen et al., 2017 [120]
Fluconazole (FLU) 200 mg/day	Maintenance phase of CM treatment	Quan et al., 2019 [121] Bongomin et al., 2018 [122]

Abbreviation: CM—cryptococcal meningitis.