Table 4.
Logistic regression of risk factors in morphologically normal symptomatic candidiasis and erythematous candidiasis.
| Variates a | Morphologically Normal Symptomatic OC | Erythematous OC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Simple logistic regression | ||||
| Age | 2.1 (1.2–3.8) | 0.009 | 2.5 (1.4–4.7) | 0.003 |
| Sex | 1.7 (0.6–4.7) | 0.281 | 1.6 (0.6–4.4) | 0.347 |
| Smoking | 0.4 (0.1–3.4) | 0.418 | 0.4 (0.1–3.3) | 0.401 |
| Alcohol | 0.5 (0.1–3.7) | 0.464 | … | |
| Denture | 5.3 (2.3–12.5) | <0.001 | 4.7 (1.9–11.5) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1.9 (0.9–4.0) | 0.087 | 1.0 (0.4–2.2) | 0.904 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.7 (0.7–4.3) | 0.250 | 1.0 (0.3–2.9) | 0.928 |
| Hepatitis B | 2.0 (0.2–19.6) | 0.559 | … | |
| Low USFR | 6.6 (2.8–15.4) | <0.001 | 5.0 (2.1–12.1) | <0.001 |
| Low SSFR | 4.1 (1.6–10.6) | 0.004 | 1.9 (0.8–4.5) | 0.163 |
| Low RBC | 2.1 (0.7–5.6) | 0.163 | 2.5 (1.0–6.6) | 0.063 |
| Low hemoglobin | 2.6 (0.8–7.8) | 0.097 | 4.7 (1.8–12.6) | 0.002 |
| Vit B12 def | … | 3.6 (0.3–41.1) | 0.305 | |
| Folate def | … | … | ||
| Zinc def | 0.2 (0.03–1.7) | 0.150 | 0.7 (0.2–2.5) | 0.582 |
| Albumin def | 7.1 (0.4–116.8) | 0.171 | 6.6(0.4–107.9) | 0.188 |
| Iron def | 8.4 (1.6–44.7) | 0.013 | 8.4 (1.6–44.7) | 0.013 |
| Multiple logistic regression | ||||
| Denture | 4.9 (1.5–15.6) | 0.007 | 3.3 (1.0–10.9) | 0.054 |
| Low USFR | 5.3 (1.8–15.4) | 0.002 | 8.2 (2.3–28.9) | 0.001 |
| Low SSFR | 1.8 (0.5–6.0) | 0.342 | 0.5 (0.1–1.8) | 0.297 |
| Low hemoglobin | 2.7 (0.6–12.2) | 0.205 | 2.5 (0.6–11.6) | 0.231 |
| AUC (IQR) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | <0.001 |
The NH (no observed hyphae) group is the reference for logistic regression analysis. p value <0.05 are in bold. a Standard: age, <50, 50–69, ≤70, years; sex, female; denture, full or partial; smoking, daily; alcohol, consumption over 3 times/week; USFR, <0.1 mL/min; SSFR, <0.7 mL/min; RBC, F: <3.8 (106/µL), M: <4.4 (106/µL); hemoglobin, F: <11.7 (g/dL), M: <13.0 (g/dL); vitamin B12, <211 (pg/mL); folate, <3.1 (ng/mL); zinc, <66 (µg/dL); albumin, <3.3 (g/dL); serum iron, <40 (µg/dL). Abbreviations: OC, oral candidiasis; CI, confidence interval; F, female; M, male; USFR, unstimulated salivary flow rate; SSFR, stimulated salivary flow rate; def, deficiency; AUC, area under curve; IQR, interquartile range.