Table 2.
Viruses recognized by Retinoic-acid inducible gene I like receptors or RLRs.
| PRRs/Receptor | Localization | Adapter | Viruses PAMPS | Viruses | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RIG-I | Cytoplasm | IPS-1 | 5′ppp dsRNA, 5′pp dsRNA, Circular RNA, ssRNA, dsRNA, Virus-encoded RNA | Newcastle disease virus | [142] |
| West Nile Virus | [164] | ||||
| Sendai virus | [142] | ||||
| Vesicular stomatitis virus | [142] | ||||
| Epstein-Barr virus | [144] | ||||
| Adenoviruses | [143] | ||||
| Dengue virus | [165] | ||||
| Influenza A virus | [141] | ||||
| Japanese encephalitis virus | [141] | ||||
| Rabies Virus | [180] | ||||
| Ebola virus | [181,182] | ||||
| Nipah Virus | [182] | ||||
| Lassa Virus | [182] | ||||
| Rift valley fever virus | [182] | ||||
| Rota virus | [183] | ||||
| Measles virus | [184] | ||||
| Vaccinia virus | [146] | ||||
| Human immunodeficiency virus | [185] | ||||
| Human parainfluenza virus | [186] | ||||
| Hepatitis C virus | [187] | ||||
| Reovirus | [188] | ||||
| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus | [189] | ||||
| MDA5 | Cytoplasm | IPS-1 | dsRNA, RNA (>1000 bp) | Encephalomyocarditis picornavirus | [159] |
| Theiler’s virus | [141] | ||||
| Mengo virus | [141] | ||||
| Murine norovirus | [160] | ||||
| West Nile virus | [164] | ||||
| Dengue virus | [165] | ||||
| Sendai virus | [190] | ||||
| Rotavirus | [183] | ||||
| Measles virus | [184] | ||||
| Vaccinia virus | [146] | ||||
| Coxsackie B virus | [191] | ||||
| Herpes simplex virus | [192] | ||||
| Rhinovirus | [163] |