Table 2.
Key COVID-19 ARDS Trials
| Topic and Trial | Author | Year | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dexamethasone (RECOVERY trial) | Horby et al.30 | 2020 | Dexamethasone (6 mg daily for up to 10 d) was associated with lower 28-d mortality among those receiving supplemental oxygen or invasive mechanical ventilation but not those receiving no respiratory support. |
| High-dose dexamethasone (CoDEX trial) | Tomazini et al.31 | 2020 | Dexamethasone (20 mg daily for 5 d then 10 mg daily for 5 d) resulted in a statistically significant increase in number of ventilator-free days over the first 28 d for patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS. |
| Hydrocortisone (CAPE COVID trial) | Dequin et al.66 | 2020 | Low dose hydrocortisone resulted in no significant difference in the rate of treatment failure at d 21 (defined as death or persistent mechanical ventilation or high-flow oxygen) |
| Methylprednisolone (METCOVID trial) | Jeronimo et al.67 | 2020 | Methylprednisolone 0.5 mg/kg twice daily for 5 d did not reduce 28-d mortality. |
| Remdesivir (ACTT-1 trial) | Beigel et al.69 | 2020 | Remdesivir (200 mg loading dose then 100 mg daily for 9 d) was superior to placebo at shortening time to recovery in patients with COVID-19 lower respiratory tract infection. |
| Tocilizumab (EMPACTA trial) | Salama et al.76 | 2021 | Among patients not on mechanical ventilation, tocilizumab reduced the likelihood of progression to mechanical ventilation or death but did not improve survival. |
| Ruxolitinib | Cao et al.74 | 2020 | No statistically significant difference was observed, but ruxolitinib recipients trended toward faster clinical improvement, greater chest CT improvement, and faster recovery from lymphopenia. |
| Convalescent plasma (PLACID trial) | Agarwal et al.71 | 2020 | Convalescent plasma did not reduce progression to severe COVID-19 or all-cause 28-d mortality in patients with moderate COVID-19. |
| Hydroxychloroquine (ORCHID trial) | Self et al.77 | 2020 | Hydroxychloroquine did not significantly improve clinical status at 14 d among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 respiratory illness. |
| Hydroxychloroquine (RECOVERY trial) | Horby et al.78 | 2020 | Hydroxychloroquine did not reduce 28-d mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. |
Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CT, computed tomography.