Table 3.
Baseline sociodemography information and self-reported medical condition between CC supplement and placebo group subjects [presented as mean ± standard deviation or n(%)].
| Parameter | CC Supplement (n = 24) | Placebo (n = 24) | Total (n = 48) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age 1 | 65.83 ± 4.35 | 64.42 ± 3.71 | 65.11 ± 4.05 | 0.237 |
| Gender 2 | 0.917 | |||
| Male | 8 (33.33) | 8 (33.3) | 16 (33.3) | |
| Female | 16 (66.7) | 16 (66.7) | 32 (66.7) | |
| Ethnicity 2 | 0.483 | |||
| Malay | 16 (66.7) | 13 (54.2) | 29 (60.4) | |
| Chinese | 6 (25.0) | 10 (41.7) | 16 (33.3) | |
| Indian | 2 (8.3) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (6.3) | |
| Formal education (years) 1 | 11.39 ± 2.39 | 10.17 ± 3.20 | 10.77 ± 2.87 | 0.145 |
| Education level 2 | 0.184 | |||
| Primary school | 1 (4.2) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (8.3) | |
| Secondary school | 13 (54.2) | 17 (70.8) | 30 (62.5) | |
| Diploma/Certificate | 9 (37.5) | 3 (12.5) | 12 (25.0) | |
| Degree | 1 (4.2) | 1 (4.2) | 2 (4.2) | |
| Marital status 2 | 0.123 | |||
| Single | 1 (4.2) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (8.3) | |
| Married | 22 (91.7) | 15 (62.5) | 37 (77.1) | |
| Divorce | 0 (0) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (4.2) | |
| Widow/widower | 1 (4.2) | 4 (16.7) | 5 (10.4) | |
| Household income (RM) 1 | 2021.83 ± 904.81 | 1962.58 ± 801.86 | 1991.57 ± 844.94 | 0.813 |
| Hypertension 2 | 0.159 | |||
| Yes | 6 (25.0) | 11 (45.8) | 17 (35.4) | |
| No | 18 (75.0) | 13 (54.2) | 31 (64.6) | |
| Diabetes 2 | 0.671 | |||
| Yes | 6 (25.0) | 5 (20.8) | 11 (22.9) | |
| No | 18 (75.0) | 19 (79.2) | 37 (77.1) | |
| Hyperlipidaemia 2 | 0.587 | |||
| Yes | 7 (29.2) | 8 (33.3) | 15 (31.3) | |
| No | 17 (70.8) | 16 (66.7) | 33 (68.7) | |
| Others 2 | 0.975 | |||
| Yes | 1 (4.2) | 1 (4.2) | 2 (4.2) | |
| No | 23 (95.8) | 23 (95.8) | 46 (95.8) | |
| Physical activity 2 | 0.591 | |||
| Everyday | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.1) | |
| 3–5 times per week | 7 (29.2) | 4 (16.7) | 11 (22.9) | |
| 1–2 times per week | 8 (33.3) | 11 (45.8) | 19 (39.6) | |
| None | 8 (33.3) | 9 (37.5) | 17 (35.4) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.67 ± 3.02 | 25.72 ± 2.29 | 25.70 ± 2.64 | 0.952 |
1 Independent-t test, not significant at p > 0.05; 2 Cross tabs Chi-square test, not significant at p > 0.05; N/A: Not applicable.