Table 5.
Intervention effect of biomarkers from baseline to 12th week.
| CC Supplement (n = 23) | Placebo (n = 24) | Treatment × Time Effect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | Partial Eta Squared | Power | |||
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (pg/mL) | |||||
| Baseline | 180.80 ± 86.42 | 180.09 ± 95.78 | 0.884 | 0.001 | 0.052 |
| 12th week | 194.74 ± 137.49 | 171.22 ± 113.87 | |||
| Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (pg/mL) | |||||
| Baseline | 220.38 ± 66.56 | 218.99 ± 74.66 | 0.994 | 0.000 | 0.050 |
| 12th week | 216.34 ± 81.39 | 219.64 ± 80.67 | |||
| Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (ng/mL) | |||||
| Baseline | 0.86 ± 0.42 | 1.08 ± 0.59 | 0.867 | 0.001 | 0.053 |
| 12th week | 0.78 ± 0.43 | 1.15 ± 0.70 | |||
| Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (pg/mL) | |||||
| Baseline | 49.13 ± 3.81 | 49.46 ± 2.64 | 0.577 | 0.008 | 0.085 |
| 12th week | 51.63 ± 2.04 | 51.22 ± 3.50 | |||
| Malondialdehyde (MDA) (ng/mL) | |||||
| Baseline | 350.14 ±161.08 | 358.21 ± 172.59 | 0.047 * | 0.097 | 0.516 |
| 12th week | 313.32 ± 153.35 | 398.94 ± 181.85 | |||
| Glutathione (GSH) (mM) | |||||
| Baseline | 0.46 ± 0.09 | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.111 | 0.064 | 0.356 |
| 12th week | 0.50 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.07 | |||
* Significance at p < 0.05. Controlled for age, physical activity, BMI, energy intake, vitamin A and C.