Table 3.
Results of publications that examined meloxicam and castration in cattle (n = 16).
| Reference | Method | Administration | Outcomes Measured | Positive Administration Outcome 1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Route | Dose | Timing | ||||
| Brown et al., 2015 [17] | Surgical * | PO | 1.0mg/kg | U | Basophils and eosinophils, CBC, Hp, IFN, IL-6, monocytes, N:L, RT, TNF; Activity; ADG, carcass characteristics 2 |
Hp; Activity; ADG |
| Laurence et al., 2018 [18] | Surgical † | SC | 0.5 mg/kg | “pre-op” or “post-op” | C P; Activity, baulk & chute scores; BW | C P (only when given “pre-op”) |
| Lehmann et al., 2017 [19] | Surgical | SC | 0.5 mg/kg | 30 m PRE | HR, mean arterial pressure; Somatic responses; BW | HR, mean arterial pressure |
| Marti et al., 2018 [20] | Surgical * or Band* | SC | 0.5 mg/kg | U | CBC, C H, Hp, N:L, RT, SAA, ScC, ScT; Maintenance & pain behaviors, stride length; BW, inflammation score | - |
| Marti et al., 2019 [21] | Surgical * (+/- Branding) |
SC | 0.5 mg/kg | IP | CBC, C H, Hp, N:L, SAA, ScC, ScT; Lying/standing, pain behaviors, stride length, suckling; ADG, healing score |
- |
| Melendez et al., 2018 [22] | Surgical * or Band* | SC | 0.5 mg/kg | U | CBC, C S, RT, SAA, ScT, SP; Leg movement, maintenance & pain behaviors, stride length, VAS, vocalization; ADG |
CBC WBC, SP; Lying time, tail flicking |
| Melendez et al., 2018 [23] | Surgical * (+/- Branding) |
SC | 0.5 mg/kg | IP | CBC, C S, Hp, N:L, RT, SAA, SP, ScT; Activity, electronic reactivity measurements, leg movement, pain behaviors, stride length, VAS, vocalization; ADG |
CBC WBC, N:L, ScT; Leg movement, lying time, tail flicking, walking time |
| Melendez et al., 2018 [24] | Surgical † | SC | 0.5 mg/kg | 30 m PRE | C H,S, Hp, RT, SAA, ScC, ScT, SP, WBC; Activity, leg movement, maintenance & pain behaviors, stride length, VAS, vocalizations; ADG |
C S, Hp, ScT, WBC |
| Musk et al., 2017 [25] | Surgical | SC | 0.5 mg/kg | 30 m PRE | Fe, fibrinogen, Hp, SAA; Activity; BW | - |
| Musk et al., 2017 [26] | Surgica l † | SC | 0.5 mg/kg | 30m PRE* or “immediately after” † | Mechanical nociceptive threshold | - |
| Olson et al., 2016 [27] | Surgical * | PO | 1.0 mg/kg | 2 h PRE | C P, HR, substance P; Activity, pain behaviors, tail movement, VAS; Inflammation score | C P, HR, substance P; Activity, VAS; Inflammation score |
| or Band* | ||||||
| Repenning et al., 2013 [28] | Band * | PO | 1.0 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg | 24 h PRE, 0 h, 24 h POST | Rectal temperature; Chute behaviors, maintenance behaviors; ADG, dry matter intake, gain:feed | Rectal temperature; Bunk and standing behaviors |
| Roberts et al., 2015 [29] | Surgical * | PO | 1.0 mg/kg | “concurrent with procedure” | CBC, C P, cytokines, glucose, Hp, leukocytes, non-esterified fatty acids, rectal temperature | CBC RBC,WBC, C P, eosinophils, Hp, monocytes, neutrophils |
| Roberts et al., 2018 [30] | Surgical * or Band * | PO | 15 mg/calf | “concurrent with procedure” | Hp; Activity; ADG, carcass characteristics | Activity; ADG, back fat, ribeye area |
| Sutherland et al., 2019 [31] | Band * | PO | 50mg/calf | IP | Respiration rate; Activity, environmental interactions, pain behaviors, rumination | - |
| Vindevoghel et al., 2019 [32] | Surgical | SC | 0.5 mg/kg | “immediately after” | Maintenance, pain and social behaviors, qualitative behavioral assessment score | Qualitative behavioral assessment score |
* Procedure performed without anesthesia; † Variable anesthesia use between treatments; PO = per os (oral); SC = subcutaneous; U = unspecified; IP = “immediately prior”; pre- or post-op = before or after the operation/procedure; PRE = before the procedure; POST = after the procedure 1 Positive administration outcome was determined based on efficacy statements made by authors of these publications as demonstrated by a P-value less than 0.05 between meloxicam and control treatments. Outcomes Measured: ADG = average daily gain; BW = body weight; C = cortisol (HHair; PPlasma; SSalivary); CBC = complete blood count (WBCWhite blood cell count); Hp = haptoglobin; HR = heart rate; IFN = interferon gamma; IL-6 = interleukin-6; N:L = neutrophil:lymphocyte; RT = rectal temperature; SAA = serum amyloid A; SP = substance P; ScC = scrotal circumference; ScT = scrotal temperature; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; VAS = visual analog scale.