Table 5.
Results of studies that have examined meloxicam use to mitigate pain in cattle at disbudding (n = 15).
| Reference | Method | Administration | Outcomes Measured | Positive Administration Outcome * | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Route | Dose | Timing | ||||
| Allen et al., 2013 [57] | Hot iron | PO | 1.0 mg/kg | 12 h PRE or “immediately following” | C *, haptoglobin, IRT *, prostaglandin E2, SP; MNT; ADG | C *, prostaglandin E2 (only when given “immediately following”), SP |
| Bates et al., 2015 [58] | Hot iron | SC | 20 mg/calf | IP | ADG, milk consumption | ADG |
| Bates et al., 2016 [59] | Hot iron | SC | 20 mg/calf | “at the time of disbudding” | ADG | ADG |
| Byrd et al., 2019 [60] | Hot iron | PO | 15 mg/calf | 15 m PRE | HRV | - |
| Clapp et al., 2015 [61] | Hot iron | SC | 0.5 mg/kg | U | HRV; Activity (stress behaviors), approach test | - |
| Coetzee et al., 2012 [47] | Hot iron * | IV | 0.5 mg/kg | U | C *, HR, SP; Activity; ADG | ADG, HR, SP; Activity |
| Cuttance et al., 2019 [62] | Hot iron * | SC | 0.5 mg/kg | 10 m PRE | Pain behaviors, pain sensitivity; ADG | Ear flicking and head scratching(only when given with anesthetic) |
| Ede et al., 2019 [63] | Hot iron | U | U | U | Pen conditioning activity | Lying bouts, time in pen |
| Fraccaro et al., 2013 [41] | Surgical | PO | 1.0 mg/kg | IP | Prostaglandin E2 | - |
| Glynn et al., 2013 [42] | Scoop | PO | 2.2 mg/kg | 1 m PRE | C *, haptoglobin, IRT *, SP; MNT; ADG | ADG, SP |
| Heinrich et al., 2010 [64] | Hot iron | IM | 0.5 mg/kg | 10 m PRE | Activity, MNT, pain behaviors, pain sensitivity | Activity, ear flicking and head shaking, pain sensitivity |
| Mintline et al., 2013 [65] | Hot iron | IV | 0.5 mg/kg | 55 m PRE | Play behaviors, wound sensitivity | Bucking and running behaviors |
| Stewart et al., 2009 [46] | Hot iron | IV | 0.5 mg/kg | 30 m PRE | HR, HRV, IRT * | HR, HRV |
| Theurer et al., 2012 [66] | Hot iron * | PO | 0.5 mg/kg | “immediately after” | Activity, maintenance behaviors | Drinking and feeding behaviors, lying time |
| Van der Saag et al., 2018 [67] | Scoop * | PO | 0.5 mg/kg | 25 m PRE | IRT *; Activity, pain behaviors; Wound morphology | - |
* Procedures performed without anesthesia; † Variable anesthesia use between treatments; PO = per os (oral); SC = subcutaneous; IV = intravenous; IM = intramuscular; U = unspecified; IP = “immediately prior”. 1Positive administration outcome was determined based on efficacy statements made by authors of these publications as demonstrated by a p-value less than 0.05 between meloxicam and control treatment. Outcomes Measured: ADG = average daily gain; CP = cortisol (plasma); HR = heart rate; HRV = heart rate variability; IRT = infrared thermography (OOcular; WWound); MNT = maximum nociceptive threshold; SP = substance P.