Table 4.
Ribosome-inactivating proteins used in experimental antiviral therapy. RIPs have been used alone, PEGylated, or as part of immunotoxins, conjugates, engineered proteins, or nanocapsules.
| Virus | Target | RIP | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| RIPs alone | |||
| HIV | HIV infected cells | TCS | [61,157,158] |
| SHIV | SHIV infected cells | Maize RIP | [27] |
| PEGylated RIPs | |||
| HSV-1 | HIV infected cells | α-MMC | [40] |
| HIV infected cells | MAP30 | [40] | |
| Immunotoxins | |||
| HIV | gp 120 | RAC, PAP-S, PAC, Gelonin | [168,169,170,171,172] |
| gp 41 | RAC, PAC, Gelonin | [170,171,172,173,174,175] | |
| gp 160 | RAC | [173] | |
| CD45RO | RAC | [176] | |
| CD4 | PAP | [143,177] | |
| CD25 | RAC | [178] | |
| PICV | PICV | Gelonin | [31] |
| EBV | CD30 | Saporin 6 | [163] |
| EBV/C3d receptor | Gelonin | [164] | |
| MCMV | MCMV | RAC | [165,179] |
| Conjugates | |||
| HIV | gp 120 | RAC | [166] |
| CD8+ T-cells | Saporin | [49] | |
| Engineered proteins | |||
| HIV | HIV protease | RAC | [29] |
| HIV protease | Maize RIP | [28] | |
| CHIKV | Viral life cycle | PAP | [53] |
| DENV | Viral life cycle | MAP30 | [42] |
| HBV | HBV infected cells | RAC-PAP | [167] |
| Nanocapsules | |||
| HIV | HIV infected cells | MAP30 | [180] |
| HIV protease | RAC | [181] |
Virus name abbreviations: CHIKV (chikungunya virus), DENV (dengue virus), EBV (Epstein–Barr virus), HBV (hepatitis B virus), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), HSV (herpes simplex virus), MCMV (murine cytomegalovirus), PICV (Pichinde virus), SHIV (simian–human immunodeficiency virus). RIP name abbreviations: MAP (Momordica antiviral protein), α-MMC (alpha-momorcharin), PAC (Pulchellin A-chain), PAP (pokeweed antiviral protein), RAC (ricin A-chain), TCS (trichosanthin).