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Bladder structure and the urothelium. The urinary bladder walls comprise four layers: the mucosa (urothelium), the submucosal layer, the muscular layer, and the serosal layer. The urothelium includes umbrella cells, intermediate cells, and basal cells. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is located at the urothelial luminal surface to form the negatively charged GAG layer, contributing to the bladder barrier function.
