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. 2021 Feb 1;13(2):190. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020190

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Focused-ultrasound-mediated intranasal (FUSIN) delivery of 800CW-aPD-L1 to the brainstem. (A) Fluorescence images of representative ex vivo mouse brain slices. The olfactory bulb (Olf) was in the top slice. The targeted location of the FUS was located at the right side of the brainstem. The dashed box highlights the brain slices containing the brainstem. (B) Fluorescence quantification of the 800CW-aPD-L1 delivery efficiency to the brainstem. (C) The relationship between the fluorescence intensity measured by ex vivo fluorescence imaging and the aPD-L1 concentrations measured by ELISA (*: p < 0.05).