ETEC	enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
DESP	polysaccharides from Eucheuma serra
IECs	epithelial cells
ST	heat-stable enterotoxins
LT	heat-labile toxin
IgA	immunoglobulin A
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-a
MCP-1	Monocyte chemotactic protein 1
OUT	operational taxonomic units
SM	streptomycin
TLR	Toll-like receptors
NF-κB	nuclear factor-κB
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SCFAs	short-chain fatty acid
AAD	antibiotic-associated diarrhea