Table 3.

Characteristics of implants.

Studies	Implants (n)	Implant Dimensions, D(Ø) × L (mm)	Implant Shape	Chitosan Incorporation (See Figure 2)	CS-Modified Implant Surface Characteristics
Wang et al. [23]	16	2 Ø × L 4	Screw	NR	A CS coating was designed to release plasmid DNA and the codeposition of type IV collagen was applied with the purpose of synergistically promoting cellular adhesion and new tissue attachment to the titanium implants.
Song et al. [24]	20	2 Ø × L 2	Ti rods	By immersion in CS solution dissolving 0.1% CS in a 1% acetic acid solution.	Nanofilm coated with multilayer of HA-CS.
Chen et al. [25]	16	3 Ø × L 13	Ti rods	CS solution (3 mg mL−1) was prepared with HCl solution (pH 5.0). First, a thin layer of CS was deposited on the Ti surface, followed by three gel–CS bilayers and one HA layer.	Three gel–CS bilayers.
Bhattarai et al. (a) [26]	10	0.85 Ø × 4.5	Screw	For coating with CS-GNP–IGFBP-3 the implants were immersed 10 times in a nanoparticle–DNA solution and frozen at −40 °C.	NR
Bhattarai et al. (b) [27]	24	0.85 Ø × 4.5	Screw	The CS-GNP–PPAR-coated implants were immersed in a nanoparticle–DNA solution and frozen at −240 °C.	NR
Marsich et al. [28]	6	3.6–5 Ø × 8	Truncated cone	Coated with Chitlac or Chitlac–nAg.	NR
Travan et al. [29]		3.6–5 Ø × 8	Truncated cone	Coated with Chitlac or Chitlac–TS.	NR

NR, Not Reported.