. 2021 Feb 2;10(2):306. doi: 10.3390/foods10020306

Table 3.

Multivariable analysis: determinants of self-perceived changes of food purchase, household food waste production and occurrence of impulse buying.

Variables		Increased Food Purchase		Impulse Buying		Decreased Household Food Waste Production
		p-Value	OR (IC 95%)	p-Value	OR (IC 95%)	p-Value	OR (IC 95%)
Age		0.002	0.98 (0.97–0.99)	0.115	0.99 (0.98–1)	0.006	1.01 (1–1.02)
Gender	Female	Ref		Ref		Ref
Gender	Male	0.055	0.81 (0.65–1)	0.219	0.83 (0.63–1.11)	0.002	0.59 (0.47–0.74)
Education	High	Ref		Ref		Ref
Education	Med-Low	0.644	1.05 (0.85–1.31)	0.302	0.88 (0.68–1.13)	0.602	0.94 (0.76–1.17)
Sentimental status	Not single	Ref				Ref
Sentimental status	Single	0.028	0.78 (0.62–0.97)			0.074	0.82 (0.66–1.02)
Offspring	No	Ref
Offspring	Yes	0.001	1.76 (1.25–2.47)
Cohabitation	Yes			Ref
Cohabitation	No			<0.002	1.89 (1.32–2.71)
Working during lockdown	Yes	Ref				Ref
Working during lockdown	No	0.003	0.71 (0.57–0.89)			0.024	1.3 (1.03–1.62)
Smoking habit	No	Ref				Ref
Smoking habit	Yes	0.069	1.25 (0.98–1.58)			<0.001	1.8 (1.42–2.29)
BMI score	Normal			Ref		Ref
	Underw.			0.318	0.76 (0.44–1.3)	0.009	0.71 (0.48–1.06)
	Overw.			0.024	1.44 (1.05–1.96)	0.017	1.37 (1.06–1.77)
	Obese			0.367	1.27 (0.75–2.15)	0.034	1.63 (1.04–2.57)
Time spent cooking	Unvaried	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Decreased	0.192	0.79 (0.55–1.13)	0.039	1.58 (1.02–2.45)	0.056	1.41 (0.99–2)
	Increased	<0.001	2.12 (1.71–2.61)	0.034	1.36 (1.02–1.8)	<0.001	1.52 (1.23–1.88)
Perceived nutrition quality	Unvaried	Ref		Ref		Ref
	Less Healthy	<0.001	1.66 (1.3–2.12)	<0.001	2.22 (1.68–2.93)	0.001	1.37 (1.08–1.75)
	Healthier	0.033	1.29 (1.02–1.63)	0.196	0.8 (0.57–1.12)	<0.001	2.27 (1.77–2.9)
EOQ Score	Not at risk			Ref
EOQ Score	At risk			<0.001	1.68 (1.29–2.19)
Dietary regimen during lockdown	No					Ref
Dietary regimen during lockdown	Yes					0.043	0.79 (0.62–0.99)
WHO-5 Score	> 50			Ref		Ref
WHO-5 Score	≤ 50			<0.001	1.73 (1.32–2.27)	0.002	0.72 (0.59–0.89)
Household food waste production	Unvar. or increased			Ref
Household food waste production	Decreased			0.012	0.73 (0.57–0.93)
Impulse buying	No	Ref				Ref
Impulse buying	Yes	<0.001	2.48 (1.91–3.22)			0.013	0.73 (0.57–0.94)
Food purchase	Unvaried			Ref		Ref
	Decreased			0.223	1.4 (0.82–2.4)	0.011	1.69 (1.13–2.53)
	Increased			<0.001	2.72 (2.05–3.62)	0.221	1.14 (0.92–1.41)

Each column refers to a binary logistic regression model. Empty boxes refer to variables excluded using stepwise backward selection. Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; N, number; Who-5, 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) questionnaire; EOQ-5, Emotional Overeating Questionnaire-5 (EOQ-5); BMI, body mass in-dex. In order to enhance readability, p-values < 0.05 are shown bolded.