Table 1.

Determinants of biosecurity measures for African swine fever.

Source and Transmission	Importance	References
Direct contact transmission	Important	[81,96]
Ingestion of infected material due to persistence in tissues, meat	Important	[81,83]
Contact with contaminated fomites	Moderately important	[71,77]
Persistence in the environment outside host/host tissues	Less important	[81,97,98]
Presence of African wild suids	Important locally	[96]
Presence of wild/feral Sus scrofa	Important regionally	[63,71]
Biological tick vector	Important locally	[96]
Other blood-sucking arthropods (only stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) have been shown to be competent mechanical vectors of the virus)	Might play a role locally (no importance demonstrated under natural conditions)	[99,100,101]