Table 1.

Literature Review.

Literature Review
Author(s)	Title of Article	Key Contribution	Relevance for Our Study
Nomura Kyoko; Yamazaki Yuka; Gruppen Larry D; Horie Saki; Takeuchi Masumi; Illing Jan; (2015) [2]	The difficulty of professional continuation among female doctors in Japan: a qualitative study of alumnae of 13 medical schools in Japan.	This study detected higher pressure on female physicians due to their hectic job schedule, taking into account their family responsibilities; they also introduced specific measures towards division of labour in relation to sex.	Work distribution in healthcare units should be redetermined according to the female physicians’ requirements
Wang Linda J; Tanious Adam; Go Catherine; Coleman Dawn M; McKinley Sophia K; Eagleton Matthew J; Clouse W Darrin; Conrad Mark F; (2020) [3]	Gender-based discrimination is prevalent in the integrated vascular trainee experience and serves as a predictor of burnout.	Female vascular residents are more likely to experience gender-related discrimination practices than their male colleagues, a fact that corresponds to higher burnout rates and obstructed recruitment.	We want to examine whether these findings can be observed in trainees of other specialties as well.
Hu Yue-Yung; Ellis Ryan J; Hewitt D Brock; Yang Anthony D; Cheung Elaine Ooi; Moskowitz Judith T; Potts III John R; Buyske Jo; Hoyt David B; Nasca Thomas J; (2019) [4]	Discrimination, abuse, harassment, and burnout in surgical residency training.	Burnout symptoms as well as suicidal thoughts of female residents in various surgical programs derive from racial discrimination and sexism in the healthcare workplace.	We want to further investigate female residents’ mental health, and possible causal effects of sexism in medicine.
Holliday Emma B; Siker Malika; Chapman Christina H; Jagsi Reshma; Bitterman Danielle S; Ahmed Awad A; Winkfield Karen; Kelly Maria; Tarbell Nancy J; Deville Jr Curtiland; (2018) [5]	Achieving gender equity in the radiation oncology physician workforce	Investigated gender inequity’s development in the medical workplace, potent correlation to career impediment and proposed dealing measures.	We are interested in clarifying the relation between sex discrimination and career impediment, as well as proposing more specific courses of action against it.
Berlingo L; Girault A; Azria E; Goffinet F; Le Ray C; (2019) [6]	Women and academic careers in obstetrics and gynaecology: aspirations and obstacles among postgraduate trainees—a mixed-methods study	Using mixed methods, this French study pinpointed that 3 times more female residents felt uncertain about their career in obstetrics and gynaecology, than their male colleagues.	Is this uncertainty observed in female trainees of other specialties in Jeddah?
Dar-Odeh N; Elsayed SA; Nourwali I; Ryalat S; Al-Shayyab MH; Abu-Hammad O; (2019) [7]	Social factors as career obstacles for female oral and maxillofacial surgeons in three Middle Eastern countries,	Most female oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia deemed sex discrimination, along with their social and personal profile, to be an obstacle in their academic career.	We are interested in examining how sexism affects not only specialized female physicians but also trainees, and how women in medicine can combine social and professional parameters.
Morrison Wynne; Fowler Jessica (2020) [8]	Responding to Bias, Bullying, and Harassment.	Female students and physicians are inhibited in terms of mentorship and academic advancement.	There is an evident pathologic hierarchy in medicine that we should address.
Venkatesh Bala; Mehta Sangeeta; Angus Derek C; Finfer Simon; Machado Flavia R; Marshall John; Mitchell Imogen; Peake Sandra; Zimmerman Janice L (2018) [9]	Women in Intensive Care study: a preliminary assessment of international data on female representation in the ICU physician workforce, leadership and academic positions.	According to this research, generally speaking women, both trainnes and specialists in the IC workforce, face gender discrimination and cannot advance their studies and position accordingly.	We want to focus on trainning females in all departments and identify how and from whom they receive discriminatory attitudes.
Butkus Renee; Serchen Joshua; Moyer Darilyn V; Bornstein Sue S; Hingle Susan Thompson; (2018) [10]	Achieving gender equity in physician compensation and career advancement: a position paper of the American College of Physicians, Annals of internal medicine.	Women in medicine are absent from leadership roles, are deprived of academic guidance and suffer from imposter syndrome—all in all they are operationally isolated in thei workplace.	Sexual harassment in healthcare working environment could be responsible for women’s exclusion from academic achievements
Camargo Aline; Liu Li; Yousem David M (2017) [22]	Sexual harassment in radiology,	Training women radiologists experiencing sexual harassment find difficuty in communicating their situation to the authorities (especially in US).	Why do trainees restrain from reporting discrimination incidents, and how is this explained?
Stone Louise; Phillips Christine; Douglas Kirsty A (2019) [25]	Sexual assault and harassment of doctors, by doctors: a qualitative study.	The female participants of this research considered complaining about their being discriminated as unprofessional or even harmful to their personal and academic wellbeing.	Which factors led the female doctors to being indifferent to improving their own working conditions?
Chun Se Eun; Lee Ju Hyun; Lee Ju Eun; Lee Seung Min Kathy; Leem Jungtae; Kim Hyunho; (2019) [26]	Impact of gender on the career development of female traditional Korean medicine doctors: a qualitative study.	This study indicated there is a stereotypical correlation of Korean female physicians with limited medical specialties (i.e., pediatrics), both from their colleagues and their patients.	We shall look into gender discrimimation in general as an obstacle in choosing residency specialty.
Bruce Adrienne N; Battista Alexis; Plankey Michael W; Johnson Lynt B; Marshall M Blair; (2015) [20]	Perceptions of gender-based discrimination during surgical training and practice.	Most questionees had experienced sex-related discrimination at an under-graduate or post-graduate level, and even more in their clinical practice; both women and especially men colleagues constituted a source of harassment.	We shall investigate the source of harassment against female trainees in Jeddah.