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. 2021 Feb 3;22(4):1503. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041503

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Known mechanisms regulating circRNA availability. CircRNA availability is driven by a complex network of factors regulating both their synthesis and clearance from the cell. CircRNA synthesis depends on specific components that promote back splicing, and on the expression of debranching enzymes that regulates the degradation of lariats. On the other hand, circRNA clearance from the cells can occur through different mechanisms of degradation: Ago-2-dependent degradation, m6A-triggered degradation, and GW182 expression. Furthermore, the active secretion of circRNAs through extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be a possible mechanism for circRNA clearance. The availability of specific circRNAs inside the pancreatic β-cells can affect their key functions.