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. 2021 Feb 26;11:44. doi: 10.1186/s13578-021-00547-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Dapagliflozin (DAPA) prevents the upregulation of ROS via AMPK/ PKC/ NADPH oxidase signaling.

Representative Western blot images (a) and relative densitometric bar graphs of Nox-2/Na/K ATPase (b) and Rac-1/Na/K ATPase (c) in H9c2 cells exposed to hypoxia for 1 h and reoxygenation for 4 h (H1R4) were shown. Protein expression levels of Nox-2 and β-actin in ventricular tissue from sham control, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and I/R plus DAPA treatment animals (d, e), eight animals in each group, were examined. Activity of NADPH oxidase in H9c2 cells (f) and primary cardiomyocytes (g) was measured. ROS generation was measured using a flow cytometry to examine the fluorescent intensity of H9c2 cells (h) and primary cardiomyocytes (i). For in vitro experiments, the data were presented as the mean ± SD of three biological replicates at three separate times. (* indicating p < 0.05 compared with the control group; # indicating p < 0.05 compared to H1R4 condition or I/R without DAPA treatment; & indicating p < 0.05 compared with the DAPA-treated cells in H1R4 condition)