| 3PG | 3-phosphoglyceric acid |
| 3PO | 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridynyl)-2-propen-1-one |
| AD | aldose reductase |
| ALDOA/C | aldolase A/aldolase C |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| CPT1A | carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A |
| DAG | diacylglycerol |
| DHAP | dihydroxyacetone phosphate |
| ECFC | endothelial colony-forming cell |
| ECs | endothelial cells |
| ENO1 | enolase 1 |
| F6P | fructose 6-phosphate |
| FABP | fatty acid-binding protein |
| FAO | fatty acid oxidation |
| FASN | fatty acid synthase |
| FAT | fatty acid translocase |
| FATP | fatty acid transport protein |
| G3P | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate |
| G6P | glucose-6-phosphate |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GLS1 | glutaminase 1 |
| GLUT1/3 | glucose transporter 1/3 |
| GPI | glucose-6-phosphate isomerase |
| HIF-1α | hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha |
| HK1/2 | hexokinase 1/2 |
| HMGB1 | high-mobility group box 1 |
| HUVECs | human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
| IRS1/2 | insulin receptor substrate 1/2 |
| LDHA/LDHB | lactate dehydrogenase A/lactate dehydrogenase B |
| MCT1/4 | monocarboxylate transporter 1/4 |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NAD | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| OXPHOS | oxidative phosphorylation |
| PAD | peripheral artery disease |
| PDK1 | pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 |
| PFKFB3 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 |
| PFK1 | phosphofructokinase 1 |
| PGK | phosphoglycerate kinase |
| PHD | prolyl hydroxylase domain protein |
| PKC | protein kinase C |
| PKM2 | pyruvate kinase M2 |
| PPARγ | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
| PPARα | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SDH | sorbitol dehydrogenase |
| SIRT1 | sirtuin 1 |
| TECs | tumor endothelial cells |
| TFEB | transcription factor EB |