Table 2.

Oncosuppressive microRNAs in lung cancer.

	MicroRNA	MicroRNA Targets and Mechanism	Role in Carcinogenesis	Ref.
1	2	3	4	5
1	Let-7	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNAs encoding oncogenes, such as KRAS, NRAS, MYC, HMGA2, and MCT	Inhibits proliferation, inhibits PI3K-mTOR signaling pathway	[37]
2	miR-34	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding the N-MUS oncogene; cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6; transmembrane receptor protein NOTCH1, involved in the signaling pathway of cancer stem cells; ubiquitin ligase MDMX, involved in p53 degradation; antiapoptotic protein BCL2; sirtuin 1 (SIRT1 gene) involved in p53 degradation; transcription factor E2F3; transcription factors involved in self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells: NANOG and SOX2; an integral cellular glycoprotein that plays an important role in cell–cell interactions, cell adhesion, and CD44 migration	Inhibits proliferation, promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis	[48]
3	miR-126	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding S1PR2, thereby inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; inhibits tumor angiogenesis by targeting VEGF-A	Inhibits proliferation and angiogenesis	[38,39]
4	miR-17-5p	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding TGFßR2, which is significantly increased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines	Inhibits proliferation, causes apoptosis of H460 NSCLC cells	[59]
5	miR-98	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding PAK1, which promotes NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	Inhibits proliferation	[66]
6	miR-128	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, and VEGFR-3	Inhibits angiogenesis	[69]
7	miR-206	Inhibits the 14-3-3ζ/STAT3/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway	Inhibits angiogenesis	[70]
8	miR-135a	Decreased angiogenesis-related factors VEGF, bFGF, and IL-8	Inhibits angiogenesis	[71]
9	miR-145	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding mTOR/p70S6K1	Inhibits proliferation	[41,42]
10	miR-646	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding FGF2 and CCND2	Inhibits proliferation, invasion, and suppress EMT of NSCLC cells in mice	[87]
11	miR-182	Suppresses AKT phosphorylation and accumulation of the Snail transcription factor, which initiates EMT in lung cancer cells. Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding the Met	Promotes the expression of E-cadherin, which leads to inhibition of EMT	[88]
12	miR-7-5p	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding NOVA2, which disrupts the angiogenesis	Inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor	[89]
13	miR-206	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding the actin-binding protein coronin 1C (CORO1C)	Reduces the ability of cells to grow and metastasize	[91]
14	miR-335-5p	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding ROCK1	Leads to inhibition of TGF-β1-mediated EMT	[94]
15	miR-126-3p	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1)	Inhibits NSCLC cell growth and metastasis	[96]
16	miR-192-5p	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding TRIM44	Reduces migration and invasion	[97]
17	miR-143	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding Limk1	Suppresses NSCLC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppresses migration and invasion in vitro	[103]
18	miR-138	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding H2AX	Inhibition on cell-cycle progression and cell grow	[111]
19	hsa-miR-526b	Inhibits translation of the messenger RNA encoding Ku80	Suppresses NSCLC growth	[112]