Table 1.
Diagnostic criteria of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) [6].
| Documented Prenatal Alcohol Exposure | Criteria Required | Features | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAS | Yes or no | A to D | A. A characteristic pattern of minor facial anomalies (≥2): 1. Short palpebral fissures (≤10th percentile) 2. Thin vermilion border of the upper lip (rank 4 or 5) 3. Smooth philtrum (rank 4 or 5) B. Prenatal and/or postnatal growth deficiency 1. Height and/or weight ≤10th percentile C. Deficient brain growth, abnormal morphogenesis or abnormal neurophysiology (≥1): 1. Head circumference ≤10th percentile 2. Structural brain anomalies 3. Recurrent nonfebrile seizures D. Neurobehavioral impairment 1. For children ≥3 y of age (a or b): a. With cognitive impairment: −Evidence of global impairment, OR −Cognitive deficit in at least 1 neurobehavioral domain b. With behavioral impairment without cognitive impairment: −Evidence of behavioral deficit in at least 1 domain 2. For children <3 y of age: −Evidence of developmental delay |
| pFAS | Yes | A and B | A. A characteristic pattern of minor facial anomalies (≥2): 1. Short palpebral fissures (≤10th percentile) 2. Thin vermilion border of the upper lip (rank 4 or 5) 3. Smooth philtrum (rank 4 or 5) B. Neurobehavioral impairment 1. For children ≥3 y of age (a or b): a. With cognitive impairment: −Evidence of global impairment, OR −Cognitive deficit in at least 1 neurobehavioral domain b. With behavioral impairment without cognitive impairment: −Evidence of behavioral deficit in at least 1 domain 2. For children <3 y of age: −Evidence of developmental delay |
| No | A to C | A. A characteristic pattern of minor facial anomalies (≥2): 1. Short palpebral fissures (≤10th percentile) 2. Thin vermilion border of the upper lip (rank 4 or 5) 3. Smooth philtrum (rank 4 or 5) B. Growth deficiency or deficient brain growth, abnormal morphogenesis or abnormal neurophysiology 1. Height and/or weight ≤10th percentile, OR 2. Deficient brain growth, abnormal morphogenesis or neurophysiology (≥1): a. Head circumference ≤10th percentile b. Structural brain anomalies c. Recurrent nonfebrile seizures C. Neurobehavioral impairment 1. For children ≥3 y of age (a or b): a. With cognitive impairment: −Evidence of global impairment, OR −Cognitive deficit in at least 1 neurobehavioral domain b. With behavioral impairment without cognitive impairment: −Evidence of behavioral deficit in at least 1 domain 2. For children <3 y of age: −Evidence of developmental delay |
|
| ARND | Yes | A and B | A. Documented prenatal alcohol exposure B. Neurobehavioral impairment For children ≥3 y of age (a or b): a. With cognitive impairment: −Evidence of global impairment, OR −Cognitive deficit in at least 2 neurobehavioral domains b. With behavioral impairment without cognitive impairment: −Evidence of behavioral deficit in at least 2 domains |
| ARBD | Yes | A and B | A. Documented prenatal alcohol exposure B. One or more specific major malformations demonstrated in animal models and human studies to be the result of prenatal alcohol exposure |
Note: FAS, fetal alcohol syndrome; pFAS, partial fetal alcohol syndrome; ARND, alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder; ARDB, alcohol-related birth defects.