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. 2021 Feb 3;13(2):497. doi: 10.3390/nu13020497

Figure 1.

Figure 1

CHEP increases the amount of PGC-1α protein and mitochondria in C2C12 myotubes. Cells were incubated with vehicle (DMSO) or 37 μg/mL of CHEP for 24 h. (a) PGC-1α protein expression was evaluated using western blotting. Total PGC-1α protein levels were normalized to the total protein amount in the membrane as obtained after Ponceau S staining. Relative protein levels are expressed compared to those of cells treated with the vehicle. (b) CS activity was normalized to the protein content in the homogenate. (c) Mitochondrial DNA content, expressed as a percentage with respect to that in vehicle-treated cells. Relative mitochondrial DNA copy number was calculated as the ratio of COX2 (mitochondrial) to 36B4 (nuclear) gene expression level using real-time PCR. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3–7); * p < 0.05 vs. vehicle. CHEP, Citrus hassaku extract powder; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α; CS, citrate synthase; COX2, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II; SEM, standard error of the mean.