Table 1.
Comparison of maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies with or without velamentous cord insertion (n = 941).
| Velamentous | Non-Velamentous | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 58) | (n = 883) | ||
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Maternal age at delivery (years) | 34.7 ± 3.3 | 35.3 ± 2.7 | 0.128 |
| Pregnancy conceived via ART | 48 (82.8%) | 733 (83.0%) | 0.969 |
| GA at delivery (weeks) | 36.0 ± 2.1 | 36.5 ± 1.4 | 0.077 |
| Gravidity | 1.7 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 0.948 |
| Nulliparous | 46 (79.3%) | 768 (87.0%) | 0.202 |
| MCDA | 12 (20.7%) | 141 (16.0%) | 0.633 |
| DCDA | 46 (79.3%) | 742 (84.0%) | 0.633 |
| Pregnancy outcomes | |||
| Preeclampsia | 5 (8.6%) | 115 (13.0%) | 0.395 |
| GDM | 4 (6.9%) | 79 (8.9%) | 0.643 |
| PPROM | 10 (17.2%) | 115 (13.0%) | 0.466 |
| Placenta previa | 3 (5.2%) | 26 (2.9%) | 0.491 |
| Vasa previa | 4 (6.9%) | 0 | 0.008 |
| PAS | 3 (5.2%) | 0 | 0.022 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 28 (48.3%) | 353 (40.0%) | 0.311 |
| PTB < 37 weeks | 26 (44.8%) | 331 (37.5%) | 0.264 |
| PTB < 34 weeks | 6 (10.3%) | 60 (6.8%) | 0.305 |
| Birth-weight discordance ≥ 20% | 12 (20.7 %) | 164 (18.6%) | 0.689 |
| Birth-weight discordance ≥ 25% | 6 (10.3%) | 47 (5.3%) | 0.108 |
| sFGR | 10 (17.2%) | 156 (17.7%) | 0.934 |
| Neonatal outcomes | n = 116 fetuses | n = 1766 fetuses | |
| Birth weight (g) | 2418 ± 499 | 2377 ± 371 | 0.408 |
| 1-min Apgar Score | 7.3 ± 0.86 | 7.4 ± 0.76 | 0.293 |
| 5-min Apgar Score | 8.4 ± 0.65 | 8.4 ± 0.67 | 0.661 |
| NICU admission | 51 (44.0%) | 653 (37%) | 0.222 |
ART, assisted reproductive technology; GA, gestational age; MCDA, monochorionic diamniotic twins; DCDA, dichorionic diamniotic twins; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; PPROM, preterm premature rupture of membranes; PAS, placenta accreta spectrum; PTB, preterm birth; sFGR, selective fetal growth restriction; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.