. 2021 Feb 3;22(4):1525. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041525

Table 1.

Functions of PINK1 with its putative substrates in healthy and damaged mitochondria.

Functions	Putative Substrates	Location of Putative Substrates	Phosphorylation Sites	References
In Healthy Mitochondria
Anti-apoptosis	TRAP1	IMS/MIM	?	[23]
Anti-apoptosis	HtrA2	IMS	Ser142	[24]
Regulation of mitochondrial respiration	NdufA10	MIM	Ser250	[25]
Regulation of cell growth or differentiation	mTORC2/Akt	Cytosol	?	[26]
Regulation of cell growth or differentiation	PKA/p47	Cytosol	?	[27,29]
Suppression of autophagy/mitophagy	Drp1	Cytosol	?	[28]
	PKA/LC3	Cytosol	?	[29]
	Parkin, DJ-1	Cytosol	/	[31]
Activation of autophagy	SQSTM1/P62	Cytosol	Ser28	[32]
In Damaged Mitochondria
Activation of mitophagy	PINK1	MOM	Ser228, Ser402, Thr257, Thr313	[33]
	Parkin	Cytosol/MOM	Ser65	[35]
	Ubiquitin	Cytosol/MOM	Ser65	[36]
	E3 ubiquitin ligases such as SIAH1, ARIH1, and MUL1	MOM	/	[37,38,39]
	Mitofusin2	MOM	Thr111, Ser 442	[48]
	Rab8A	Cytosol	Ser111	[56]
Regulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion	Drp1	MOM	Ser616	[44]
Regulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion	Mfn2	MOM	Ser378	[47]
Regulation of biogenesis	PARIS	Cytosol	Ser322, Ser 613	[51]
Regulation of mitochondrial motility	Miro	MOM	Ser156, T298/299	[53,54]
MDVs	syntaxin-17	MOM	/	[58]
Activation of autophagy	Beclin 1	Cytosol	/	[59]
Regulation of Ca²⁺ signalling	Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger	MIM	/	[60]
Regulation of Ca²⁺ signalling	LETM1	MIM	Thr192	[61]
Anti-apoptosis	Bcl-xL	Cytosol	Ser 62	[62]

MOM, mitochondrial outer membrane, IMS, intermembrane space, MIM, mitochondrial inner membrane.