Table 1.
E3 ubiquitin ligases and target proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
| E3 ligase | Target | Impact on ER Stress | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| MITOL | IRE1α | Inhibits ER stress | [78] |
| CHIP | IRE1 | Antagonizes ER stress-induced cellular senescence | [79] |
| HRD1 | IRE1α | Inhibits ER stress | [80,81,82] |
| Parkin | CHOP | Inhibits ER stress | [82,83,84] |
| RNF183 | Bcl-xL | Increases ER stress-induced apoptosis | [85] |
| RNF186 | Bnip1 | Increases ER stress-induced apoptosis | [86] |
| BAR | BI-1 | Increases ER stress | [87,88,89] |
| GP78 | ? | Protects against ER stress and regulates lipid metabolism in zebrafish liver | [90] |
| GP78 | HERP | Initiates the process of ER stress recovery | [91] |
| POSH | HERP | Maintains calcium homeostasis during ER stress | [92] |