Figure 2.

Principal component analysis (PCA) of different samples and indicators. (A) PCA of six P. frutescens leaf extract and fractions; (B) PCA of 11 indicators of active ingredient content and biological activity; (C) principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) of 11 indicators of active ingredient content and biological activity. CE = crude extract; PE = petroleum ether fraction; CF = chloroform fraction; EtOAc = ethyl acetate fraction; n-BuOH = n-butanol fraction; AQ = aqueous phase residue; TPC = total phenolic content; TFC = total flavonoid content; DPPH = DPPH· scavenging activity; ABTS = ABTS⁺ scavenging ability; FRAP = ferric reducing antioxidant power; superoxide anion = superoxide anion scavenging activity; α-Glucosidase = the IC₅₀ value for α-glucosidase inhibitory; AChE = the IC₅₀ value for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity; Tyrosinase = the IC₅₀ value for tyrosinase inhibitory; HepG2 = the IC₅₀ value for inhibition on HepG2 cell proliferation; MCF-7 = the IC₅₀ value for inhibition on MCF-7 cell proliferation.