Figure 5.

Computational modeling in a single mitochondrion scale. The major roles of a mitochondrion are illustrated schematically and example equations are displayed. [X] represents the concentration of the molecule X. ν_ATPuse is the rate of ATP usage, ν_i the ATP production rate of i-th pathway, η_deg the rate of ROS degradation, η_i the ROS production rate of i-th pathway, γ the volume ratio of the mitochondrion to the cytoplasm, and J the flux of calcium ions through the channel in the subscript. f can be any function, usually polynomial function, of amino acid and other intermediates concentrations. NCX refers to the sodium–calcium exchanger.