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. 2021 Feb 3;22(4):1536. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041536

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Opening and desensitization kinetics of the AMPA receptors. (A) Open fraction kinetics following a stimulation with a single glutamate pulse of 1 mM amplitude and width of 1 ms (black), 5 ms (dark grey) and 10 ms (light grey). Blue dotted trace shows the desensitization kinetics, while red dotted traces show the deactivation kinetics following glutamate removal from the synaptic cleft. (B) Desensitized fraction kinetics following a stimulation with a single glutamate pulse of 1 mM amplitude and width of 1 ms (black), 5 ms (dark grey), and 10 ms (light grey). (C–E) Kinetics of open and desensitized fractions following pre-synaptic stimulations with a burst composed of 5 glutamate pulses, with glutamate pulse amplitude of 1 mM, an intra-burst frequency of 100 Hz, and a pulses width of 1 ms (C), 5 ms (D), and 10 ms (E).