. 2021 Feb 4;18(4):1445. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041445

Table 3.

Multilevel linear regression analysis for factors affecting overall perceived preparedness in dental academic institutions.

Variables		Unadjusted Estimates		Adjusted Estimates
Variables		B (95% CI)	p Value	B (95% CI)	p Value
Country income level	LICs	−1.62 (−3.21, −0.04) *	0.045 *	−1.42 (−3.00, 0.17)	0.08
	LMICs	−1.49 (−2.43, −0.56) *	0.002 *	−1.31 (−2.25, −0.37)	0.006 *
	UMICs	−1.15 (−1.96, −0.35) *	0.005 *	−0.98 (−1.78, −0.17)	0.02 *
	HICs	Reference category		Reference category
Type of institution:	Public	0.29 (0.03, 0.55) *	0.032 *	0.21 (−0.05, 0.46)	0.119
Type of institution:	Private	Reference category		Reference category
Size of institution	1–400 persons	−0.11 (−0.300, 0.088)	0.283	0.04 (−0.16, 0.24)	0.698
Size of institution	>400 persons	Reference category		Reference category
Focus of institution	Teaching only	−0.68 (−0.94, −0.43) *	<0.0001 *	−0.55 (−0.81, −0.28)	<0.0001 *
	Research only	−1.06 (−1.85, −0.26) *	0.009*	−1.22 (−2.01, −0.43)	0.003 *
	Teaching and research	Reference category		Reference category
Type of program	Undergraduate only	−0.21 (−0.47, 0.06)	0.122	0.06 (−0.21, 0.33)	0.678
	Postgraduate only	0.14 (−0.32, 0.59)	0.554	0.37 (−0.08, 0.83)	0.108
	Undergraduate and postgraduate	Reference category		Reference category
Number of patients served daily	0–100 patients	−0.46 (−0.66, −0.27) *	<0.0001 *	−0.38 (−0.59, −0.18)	<0.0001 *
Number of patients served daily	>100 patients	Reference category		Reference category
Having administrative role	Yes	0.63 (0.45, 0.82) *	<0.0001 *	0.59 (0.40, 0.78) *	<0.0001 *
Having administrative role	No	Reference category		Reference category

LICs: low-income countries, LMICs: lower-middle income countries, UMICs: upper-middle income countries, and HICs: high-income countries. B: regression coefficient, CI: confidence interval, *: statistically significant when p < 0.05. The country of residence is included as a random effect factor.