Table 1.
Mean, minimal, and maximal values of physicochemical variables (VAR) of the surface microlayer (SML) and subsurface water (SSW) from Arctic (AR; T: transect; S: Svalbard; ATOS 1) and Antarctic (AN; Br: Bransfield; We: Weddell; Be: Bellingshausen; ATOS2) seawaters. EF: enrichment factor, in bold significant values (p < 0.05) different than 1. Temp: temperature; DOC: dissolved organic carbon; PO4, SiO4, NO3+NO2, and NH4: inorganic nutrients; n: number of values; nd: non-detected; -: no data. Wind: wind speed (m s−1) and UV index.
| VAR | AR | SML | SSW | EF (SML/SSW) | n | AN | SML | SSW | EF (SML/SSW) | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp | All | 2.7 (−0.9–4.8) | 2.1 (−0.9–5.5) | 1.2 (0.2–2.9) | 19 | All | - | 1.1 (−0.4–3.2) | - | 18 |
| °C | T | 3.7 (2.8–4.4) | 2.6 (2.3–2.9) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 5 | Br | - | 1.6 (−0.2–2.5) | - | 6 |
| S | 2.3 (−0.9–4.8) | 2.0 (−0.9–5.5) | 1.3 (0.2–2.9) | 14 | We | - | 0.1 (−0.4–0.9) | - | 6 | |
| Be | - | 1.7 (−1.1–3.2) | - | 6 | ||||||
| Salinity | All | 32.6 (31.2–34.4) | 32.7 (31.5–34.5) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 19 | All | - | 33.9 (32.5–34.3) | - | 18 |
| T | 32.2 (31.3–33.4) | 32.2 (31.5–33.4) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 5 | Br | - | 34.2 (34.1–34.2) | - | 6 | |
| S | 32.8 (31.2–34.4) | 32.8 (31.5–34.5) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 14 | We | - | 33.9 (33.4–34.3) | - | 6 | |
| Be | - | 33.5(32.5–33.8) | - | 6 | ||||||
| DOC | All | 144.2 (71.5–808.8) | 98.3 (71.4–145.0) | 1.4 (0.8–5.9) | 18 | All | - | 72.3 (46.0–241.9) | - | 18 |
| µM | T | 91.2 (71.5–111.1) | 82.9 (71.4–92.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 5 | Br | - | 58.6 (50.4–71.1) | - | 6 |
| S | 164.6 (79.2–808.8) | 105.3 (80.4–145.0) | 1.5 (0.8–5.9) | 13 | We | - | 60.5 (46.0–103.5) | - | 6 | |
| Be | - | 95.5 (47.9–241.9) | - | 6 | ||||||
| PO4 | All | 0.1 (0.0–0.9) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 1.5 (0.5–6.0) | 18 | All | 1.2 (0.5–1.6) | 1.1 (0.3–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–2.5) | 14 |
| µM | T | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 1.3 (0.5–1.8) | 5 | Br | 1.5 (1.3–1.6) | 1.2 (0.6–1.4) | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) 1.1(0.9–1.4) 1.1(1.0–1.2) |
3 |
| S | 0.1 (0.0–0.9) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | 1.6 (0.5–6.0) | 13 | We | 0.9 (0.5–1,4) | 1.0 (0.3–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 5 | |
| Be | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.2 (1.1–1.6) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 6 | ||||||
| SiO4 | All | 3.0 (0.5–27.3) | 1.5 (0.6–3.6) | 1.7 (0.6–12.7) | 18 | All | 58.2 (40.2–68.5) | 58.3 (39.6–71.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.3) | 14 |
| µM | T | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | 1.1 (0.6–2.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 5 | Br | 65.4 (63.5–68.5) | 65.2 (51.9–71.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 3 |
| S | 3.7 (0.7–27.3) | 1.7 (0.8–3.6) | 1.9 (0.6–12.7) | 13 | We | 49.0 (40.2–63.3) | 50.5 (39.6–63.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 5 | |
| Be | 62.4 (47.8–68.3) | 60.3 (48.6–66.3) | 1.0 (1.0–1.2) | 6 | ||||||
| NO3+NO2 | All | 0.7 (0.1–3.2) | 0.9 (0.0–5.3) | 1.3 (0.6–5.0) | 18 | All | 15.0 (6.6–21.0) | 15.6 (6.6–21.1) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 13 |
| µM | T | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 0.3 (0.0–0.6) | 1.9 (0.9–5.0) | 5 | Br | 18.3 (18.1–20.1) | 17.0 (7.4–20.9) | 1.6 (0.9–1.7) | 3 |
| S | 0.8 (0.1–3.16) | 1.1 (0.1–5.3) | 1.0 (0.6–1.2) | 13 | We | 13.5 (6.6–21.0) | 15.0 (6.6–21.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 4 | |
| Be | 16.7 (10.0–20.7) | 17.2 (15.3–21.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) | 6 | ||||||
| NH4 | All | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 1.7 (0.8–3.8) | 19 | All | 1.3 (0.1–4.6) | 1.1 (0.1–3.1) | 1.1 (0.3–2.2) | 6 |
| µM | T | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.9) | 5 | Br | 0.1 | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | 0.3 | 1 |
| S | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 1.8 (0.8–3.8) | 14 | We | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | 1.2 (0.1–3.1) | 1.1 (1.1–1.3) | 2 | |
| Be | 2.8 (1.6–4.6) | 1.8 (1.4–2.1) | 1.1 (1.1–2.2) | 3 | ||||||
| VAR | AR | Atmosphere | n | AN | Atmosphere | n | ||||
| Wind | All | 5.0 (1.2–7.9) | 19 | All | 5.5 (2.6–9.9) | 19 | ||||
| m s−1 | T | 4.3 (1.2–6.8) | 5 | Br | 5.7 (3.3–8.5) | 6 | ||||
| S | 5.2 (1.8–7.9) | 14 | We | 5.9 (3.5–9.9) | 7 | |||||
| Be | 4.7 (2.6–7.9) | 6 | ||||||||
| UV | All | 5.4 (1.6–8.9) | 13 | All | 2.5 (0.7–5.2) | 11 | ||||
| index | T | - | - | Br | 2.1 (1.4–3.9) | 4 | ||||
| S | 5.4 (1.6–8.9) | 13 | We | 3.5 (2.1–5.2) | 4 | |||||
| Be | 1.6 (0.7–2.4) | 3 |