Table 2.
Mean, minimal, and maximal values of viral and microbial variables of the surface microlayer (SML) and subsurface water (SSW) of the Arctic (AR; T: transect of Greenland Sea; S: Svalbard; ATOS 1) and Antarctic (AN; Br: Bransfield strait; We: Weddell Sea; Be: Bellingshausen Sea; ATOS2) seawaters. EF: enrichment factor, in bold significant values (p < 0.05) different than 1. VA: viral abundance; PA; prokaryote abundance; VPR: virus prokaryote ratio; PHP: prokaryotic heterotrophic production; VPL: viral lytic production; %VMM: percentage of virus-mediated mortality (lytic infected cells); %Lysogeny: percentage of lysogenic infected cells; RLC: rate of lysed cells; RLC_C: rate of carbon released from lysed cells; HNF and PNF: heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoflagellates; %HNF < 5 µm: percentage of HNF smaller than 5 µm; n: number of values; nd: non-detected; -: no data.
| VAR | AR | SML | SSW | EF | n | AN | SML | SSW | EF | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VA | All | 9.6 (1.3–108.3) | 3.3 (1.2–6.8) | 2.2 (0.5–15.9) | 19 | All | 25.7 (0.4–321.0) | 8.1 (1.3–42.9) | 2.7 (0.3–11.7) | 19 |
| 106 mL−1 | T | 4.8 (1.5–11.7) | 3.5 (1.2–6.7) | 1.7 (0.5–3.4) | 5 | Br | 6.4 (3.6–11.5) | 4.3 (2.5–7.9) | 1.8 (0.7–4.5) | 6 |
| S | 11.6 (1.3–108.3) | 3.2 (1.6–6.8) | 2.4 (0.7–15.9) | 14 | We | 49.9 (0.4–321.0) | 5.6 (1.5–27.4) | 4.1 (0.3–11.7) | 7 | |
| Be | 16.9 (3.0–22.5) | 14.5 (1.3–42.9) | 1.8 (0.4–4.8) | 6 | ||||||
| PA | All | 1.0 (0.2–4.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 1.2 (0.4–4.7) | 19 | All | 0.5 (0.2–2.1) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 1.3 (0.7–2.8) | 19 |
| 106 mL−1 | T | 1.0 (0.2–1.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.9) | 1.1 (0.4–1.5) | 5 | Br | 0.4 (0.3–0.8) | 0.4 (0.3–0.8) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 6 |
| S | 1.1 (0.4–4.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 1.3 (0.5–4.7) | 14 | We | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 7 | |
| Be | 0.7 (0.2–2.1) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) | 6 | ||||||
| VPR | All | 7.1 (1.2–23.0) | 4.8 (1.1–9.1) | 1.7 (0.0–6.8) | 19 | All | 34.1 (1.6–136.5) | 22.8 (2.7–181.1) | 2.1 (0.2–7.3) | 19 |
| T | 8.5 (1.2–19.5) | 4.9 (2.9–9.1) | 2.2 (0.0–6.8) | 5 | Br | 18.1 (6.4–42.6) | 11.1 (5.5–18.7) | 1.8 (0.6–4.5) | 6 | |
| S | 6.7 (1.4–23.0) | 4.8 (1.1–8.5) | 1.5 (0.7–3.4) | 14 | We | 43.9 (1.6–236.2) | 13.0 (2.7–47.7) | 2.9 (0.2–7.3) | 7 | |
| Be | 38.5 (5.3–136.5) | 46.0 (4.2–181.1) | 1.6 (0.4–4.1) | 6 | ||||||
| PHP | All | 3.8 (0.4–18.6) | 1.3 (0.3–5.1) | 1.5 (0.6–4.3) | 19 | All | 3.9 (0.6–18.7) | 3.9 (0.8–21.4) | 1.2 (0.2–4.7) | 19 |
| µg C L−1 d−1 | T | 2.0 (0.5–3.9) | 1.9 (0.3–5.1) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 5 | Br | 2.1 (0.6–2.7) | 5.1(0.8–21.4) | 1.0 (0.2–2.2) | 6 |
| S | 3.4 (0.4–18.6) | 2.1 (0.4–4.3) | 1.6 (0.6–4.3) | 14 | We | 4.2 (1.0–10.9) | 3.1 (1.6–9.5) | 1.1 (0.4–2.2) | 7 | |
| Be | 5.3 (1.6–18.7) | 3.1 (2.2–4.0) | 1.5 (0.7–4.7) | 6 | ||||||
| VPL | All | 0.07 (nd−0.1) | 0.06 (nd−0.1) | 1.9 (nd−4.4) | 9 | All | 8.4 (2.2–18.9) | 1.9 (0.3–4.4) | 5.4 (1.0–11.2) | 6 |
| 107 mL−1 d−1 | T | - | - | - | - | Br | 9.3 (4.2–18.9) | 2.3 (0.7–4.4) | 6.4 (1.0–11.2) | 3 |
| S | 0.07 (nd−0.1) | 0.06 (nd−0.1) | 1.9 (nd−4.4) | 9 | We | 10.4 (2.2–18.7) | 2.3 (1.0–3.5) | 3.7 (2.1–5.4) | 2 | |
| Be | 1.7 | 0.3 | 5.4 | 1 | ||||||
| VMM | All | 20.2 (nd−38.6) | 7.3 (nd−29.6) | 6.9 (nd−17.4) | 9 | All | 97.4 (24.1–141.4) | 55.0 (11.9–123.5) | 3.7 (0.2–8.7) | 6 |
| % | T | - | - | - | Br | 71.2 (24.1–103.5) | 54.4 (11.9–123.5) | 4.0 (0.2–8.7) | 3 | |
| S | 20.2 (nd−38.6) | 7.3 (nd−29.6) | 6.9 (nd−17.4) | 9 | We | 114.7 (108.5–120.9) | 44.5 (41.2–47.8) | 4.2 (2.9–5.4) | 2 | |
| Be | 141.4 | 78.2 | 1.8 | 1 | ||||||
| Lysogeny | All | 6.8 (nd−13.5) | 0.9 (nd−2.2) | nd | 9 | All | 40.3 (nd−40,3) | 16.2 (nd−36.7) | nd | 6 |
| % | T | - | - | - | - | Br | nd | 6.0 (nd−10.2) | nd | 3 |
| S | 6.8 (nd−13.5) | 0.9 (nd−2.2) | nd | 9 | We | nd | 36.7 (nd−36.7) | nd | 2 | |
| Be | 40.3 | nd | nd | 1 | ||||||
| RLC | All | 0.3 (nd−1.4) | 0.1(nd−0.4) | 27.2 (nd−99.4) | 9 | All | 0.7 (0.1–1.5) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 7.2 (0.2–8.3) | 6 |
| 106 mL−1d−1 | T | - | - | - | - | Br | 0.3 (0.1–0.4) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 3.4 (0.2–8.3) | 3 |
| S | 0.3 (nd−1.4) | 0.1 (nd−0.4) | 27.2 (nd−99.4) | 9 | We | 0.9 (0.3–1.5) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 4.4 (3.5–5.4) | 2 | |
| Be | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1 | ||||||
| RLC_C | All | 6.1 (nd−24.9) | 1.1 (nd−6.8) | 27.2 (nd−99.4) | 9 | All | 11.6 (1.7–26.7) | 3.6 (0.9–8.1) | 7.2 (0.2–8.3) | 6 |
| µg C L−1d−1 | T | - | - | - | - | Br | 10.8 (1.7–26.7) | 3.5 (0.9–8.1) | 3.4 (0.2–8.3) | 3 |
| S | 6.1 (nd−24.9) | 1.1 (nd−6.8) | 27.2 (nd−99.4) | 9 | We | 15.8 (5.1–26.4) | 3.2 (1.5–4.9) | 4.4 (3.5–5.4) | 2 | |
| Be | 5.7 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 1 | ||||||
| HNF | All | 2.6 (0.2–7.0) | 2.5 (0.2–8.9) | 1.6 (0.2–4.1) | 19 | All | 1.4 (0.5–2.4) | 1.5 (0.3–2.7) | 1.3 (0.4–3.1) | 6 |
| 103 mL−1 | T | 4.3 (1.3–6.7) | 3.9 (1.53–8.9) | 1.4 (0.8–3.1) | 5 | Br | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 1.5 (0.3–2.5) | 1.6 (0.4–3.1) | 3 |
| S | 1.8 (0.2–7.0) | 1.7 (0.2–6.1) | 1.6 (0.2–4.1) | 14 | We | 1.9 | 1.9 (1.0–2.7) | 0.7 | 2 | |
| Be | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1 | ||||||
| %HNF < 5 | All | 80.5 (47.2–100) | 83.5 (39.5–100) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 19 | All | 82.4 (70.8–91.6) | 67.1 (28.8–82.6) | 1.5 (1.0–3.0) | 6 |
| T | 61.9 (42.4–88.3) | 75.7 (39.5–98.9) | 0.9 (0.7–1.6) | 5 | Br | 83.2 (76.0–86.6) | 59.3 (28.8–82.6) | 1.7 (1.1–3.0) | 3 | |
| S | 89.8 (47.2–100) | 87.4 (63.7–100) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 14 | We | 70.8 | 72.2 (70.7–73.7) | 1.0 | 2 | |
| Be | 91.6 | 80.1 | 1.1 | 1 | ||||||
| PNF | All | 9.2 (0.2–44.3) | 10.1 (1.7–19.0) | 0.8 (0.1–2.8) | 19 | All | 3.5 (0.9–5.1) | 2.0 (0.5–3.1) | 3.1 (0.8–9.8) | 6 |
| 103 mL−1 | T | 2.8 (0.2–7.5) | 4.8 (1.7–7.9) | 0.6 (0.1–1.0) | 5 | Br | 3.8 (2.4–5.0) | 2.1 (0.5–3.1) | 4.0 (0.8–9.8) | 3 |
| S | 12.4 (0.5–44.3) | 12.2 (5.7–19.0) | 0.9 (0.1–2.8) | 14 | We | 5.1 | 2.2 (1.8–2.5) | 2.8 | 2 | |
| Be | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1 |