Table 1.
Examples of physico-responsive nanomaterials and their biomedical applications.
| Nr. Crt. | Stimuli | Nanomaterial | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Temperature |
Poly(ethylene oxide)a-poly(propylene oxide)b- poly(ethylene oxide)a PEO-PPO-PEO |
Oral drug delivery, wound healing | [24] |
| 2. | Temperature |
Gold nanoparticles—Pluronic®F127-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose AuNPs-PF127-HPMC |
Drug delivery, photothermal platform, skin wound healing | [25] |
| 3. | Temperature |
Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate –co-poly(glycidal methacrylate) copolymers/poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) P(OEGMA-co-PGMA) copolymers/PLGA |
Tissue engineering | [26] |
| 4. | Temperature | Collagen- or chitosan-based | Drug delivery | [27] |
| 5. | Temperature |
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)- poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)- poly(acrylic acid) PNIPAM-PDMA-PAA |
Drug delivery | [28] |
| 6. | Temperature |
Poly(Nisopropylacrylamide-co-sulfobetaine methacrylate) nanogel PNS nanogels |
Diagnosis/chemotherapy | [29] |
| 7. | Electrical |
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) nanofiber PEDOT-coated PLGA nanofiber |
Drug delivery | [30] |
| 8. | Electrical |
Fe3O4/Polyaniline Fe3O4/PANI |
Antimicrobial, drug delivery | [31] |
| 9. | Electrical |
Polyaniline/gold nanocomposite PANI/AuNCs |
Immunosensor detection of chronic kidney disease | [32] |
| 10. | Electrical |
Polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PANIP, PEDOT |
Neural prostheses | [33,34] |
| 11. | Electrochemical |
Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles/ poly(catechol)/graphene sheets/glassy carbon electrode Bio AuNP/Pol/Gr/GCE |
Biosensor, DNA mutation and acute lymphoblastic leukemia detection | [35] |
| 12. | Light |
poly(ethylene glycol) PEG |
Switchable fluorescent probes | [36] |
| 13. | Light |
Ruthenium-containing block copolymer Poly-Ru nanoparticles |
In vivo photodynamic therapy and photochemotherapy | [37] |
| 14. | Magnetic |
Fe3O4/methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly- (lactide) composite nanocapsules Fe3O4/MePEG-PLA composite nanocapsules |
MRI | [38] |
| 15. | Magnetic |
Trastuzumab (Tra, a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes HER2)- doxorubicin poly(vinyl alcohol)/ single-component thiol-functionalized poly (methacrylic acid) T-DOX PVA/PMASH magnetic nanocapsules |
Tumor therapy | [39] |
| 16. | Magnetic | 3D collagen hydrogel | Directed neuronal regeneration | [40] |