Table 3.
Examples of biological-responsive nanomaterials and their biomedical applications.
| Nr. Crt. | Stimuli | Nanomaterial | Application | Reference. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Glucose |
Acetalated dextran nanoparticles Ac-Dex Nps |
Glycemic control | [103] |
| 2. | Glucose | Boronic acid-derived polymers | Drug delivery | [104] |
| 3. | Glucose |
Glycidyl methacrylated dextran/Concanavalin A Dex-GMA/Con A ConA micro/nanospheres |
Insulin treatment | [105] |
| 4. | Glucose |
Chitosan-g-polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether nanocomplex CS-g-(mPEG) NP |
Oral insulin delivery | [106] |
| 5. | Glucose | Hyaluronic Acid (HA)-coated calcium carbonate NPs | Oral insulin delivery | [107] |
| 6. | Glucose | Chitosan/poly(gamma-glutamic acid) nanoparticles | Oral insulin delivery | [108] |
| 7. | Glucose |
Carboxymethyl chitosan-phenylboronic acid-Lvaline nanoparticles (CMCS-PBA-LV) NPs |
Oral administration of insulin | [109] |
| 8. | Enzyme |
Nanoplatform formed from Ti substrates modified with layer-by layer mesoporous silica nanoparticles-silver nanoparticles LBL@MSN-Ag nanoparticles |
Tissue growth in vivo and, simultaneously, treat implant-associated bacterial infection | [110] |
| 9. | Enzyme |
Adenosine triphosphate coated with silver nanoparticles ATP-Ag nanoparticles |
Participate in signal transduction and protein activity | [111] |
| 10. | Enzyme |
Activatable low-molecular weight protamine—poly(ethylene glycol) poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles—loaded with paclitaxel ALMWP-NP-PTX |
Glioblastoma therapy | [112] |
| 11. | Enzyme | Layer-by-layer assembly of poly(2-oxazoline)-based materials | Therapeutic delivery | [113] |