Table 2.
Gambler-focused taxonomy and results for consumer-derived BCTs.
| BCT Category | Description of Consumer-Derived BCT | Number and % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-decisional phase | |||
| Feedback on behaviour | Provide evidence (e.g., bank statements) on how gambling behaviours are causing harm to the family with the intention of prompting increased awareness. Harms can include finances as well as relational, emotional, and physical health. Prompt gambler to take a test to assess their gambling. | 250 | 22.9% |
| Provide information | Provide information on gambling problems and how gambling works. Provide the information in a respectful and direct way, e.g., make it available for the person without pressuring them to read it. | 26 | 2.4% |
| Post-decisional phase | |||
| Coping planning | Help the gambler to plan for lapses and relapses and to manage barriers to change. This focused on identifying and responding to gambling triggers, cravings and urges in a goal-consistent manner. Triggers included underlying causes and/or co-occurring substance use or mental health concerns. Help included practical support such as being a distraction in the moment of an urge. | 39 | 3.6% |
| Goals and plans | Support gambler’s goal setting and planning by offering to jointly construct or discuss the content of goals and plans. Encourage those involved to agree to the outcome of discussion. | 16 | 1.5% |
| Maintain momentum | Support gambler to maintain behaviour change in response to general barriers such as shifting priorities and readiness to change. Understand the nature and pace of behaviour change to support the current level of readiness. Provide encouragement and praise, recognise and celebrate gambler’s achievements. | 24 | 2.2% |
| Actional phase | |||
| Avoidance | Support the person to avoid gambling or gambling triggers through discussion on different options (e.g., self-exclusion). Offer to help with self-exclusion, change passwords, remove betting apps or install blocking software. | 77 | 7.1% |
| Behavioural substitution | Support the gambler to develop interests and hobbies away from gambling. Assist the person to refocus their attention towards family or life without gambling. | 19 | 1.7% |
| Consumption planning | Support the person to reach a goal of gambling reduction through a focus on preparation for a gambling episode. This includes setting a limit for the frequency, time, and amount of expenditure. It also includes enacting strategies during and post-gambling for sticking to these limits. | 12 | 1.1% |
| Finances and cash control | Offer advice, assistance or information on options for financial management and budgeting. This includes debt and bill management. Agree on a method to manage access to cash that may involve affected others offering to oversee the finances for a period of time. | 208 | 19.1% |
| Professional support | Encourage and support treatment seeking. This may involve getting information, offering support to make an appointment, attending an appointment or offering post-appointment support. Professional support includes psychological, psychiatric, medical, or financial advice. Support can involve individual or group, and online, telephone or face-to-face support. | 240 | 22.0% |
| Social support | Families can provide support to the person who gambles and help them to get more support from others. Support can be about helping the gambler to open up about their gambling or during a crisis. | 180 | 16.5% |
| Total | 1091 | 100% | |