Table 1.
Summary of 47 observational studies for COVID-19 patients with pleural effusions.
| Author | Study Design | Study Type | Month, Year | Country | Patients (N) | Patient Type | Age (Y) Mean +/- SD, Median (IQR) | Pleural Effusion (%) | Pleural Effusion | Admission Days to 1st Pleural Effusion | Pleural Thickening (%) | Pleural Retraction (%) | Pericardial Effusion (%) | H/M Lymph-adenopathy (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | ||||||||||||||
| (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Arentz et al.40 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Clinical | April 2020 | USA | 21 | Adults | 70.0 +/- NR | 23.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Bai et al.52 | Retrospective Cohort, Multi-Center | Clinical | August 2020 | China | 219 | Adults and Children | 45.0 +/- 15.0 | 4.0 | NR | NR | 15.0 | NR | NR | 3.0 |
| Blumfield et al.25 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Clinical | July 2020 | USA | 16 | Children | 9.2 +/- 4.9 | 62.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 12.5 | NR |
| Bernheim et al.13 | Retrospective Cohort, Multi-Center | Clinical | June 2020 | China | 121 | Adults | 45.0 +/- 16.0 | 1.0 | Unilateral (100) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Chen et al.22 | Retrospective Cohort, Multi-Center | Clinical | April 2020 | China | 61 | Adults and Children | 39.9 +/- 23.9 | 4.7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2.3 |
| Cobb et al.58 | Retrospective Cohort, Multi-Center | Clinical | November 2020 | USA | 63 | Adults | 60.4 +/- 15.7 | 11.1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Colombi et al.97 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Radiological | August 2020 | Italy | 236 | Adults | 68.0 +/- 2.0 | 20.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 24 |
| Ding et al.76 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Radiological | April 2020 | China | 112 | Adults and Children | 55.8 +/- 16.1 | 17.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4.5 | NR |
| Feng et al.20 | Retrospective Cohort, Multi-Center | Clinical | June 2020 | China | 442 | Adults and Children | 53.0 (40.0–64.0) | 5.7 | NR | NR | 53.8 | NR | NR | NR |
| Fu et al.14 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | July 2020 | China | 46 | Adults | NR | 8.7 | Bilateral (100) | NR | 54.3 | 37.0 | NR | NR |
| Gervaise et al.37 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | June 2020 | France | 72 | Adults | 62.3 +/- 17.8 | 22.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Guan et al.64 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Radiological | March 2020 | China | 47 | Adults and Children | 42.0 +/- NR | 4.3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Hameed et al. | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Radiological | January 2021 | UK | 35 | Children | 11.0 (6.0–14.0) | 11.4 | Bilateral (100) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 14.3 |
| Han et al.77 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Radiological | March 2020 | China | 17 | Adults | 40.0 +/- 10.0 | 23.5 | NR | 7 < | 76.5 | NR | NR | NR |
| Li et al.71 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | June 2020 | China | 83 | Adults | 45.5 +/- 12.3 | 8.4 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4.8 | 8.4 |
| Li et al.19 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | March 2020 | China | 78 | Adults | 44.6 +/- 17.9 | 8.9 | Bilateral (83.3) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Li et al.98 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | June 2020 | China | 51 | Adults | 58.0 +/- 17.0 | 2.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Liu et al.72 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | March 2020 | China | 73 | Adults and Children | 41.6 +/- 14.5 | 4.1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Liu et al.23 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Clinical | March 2020 | China | 55 | Adults and Children | NR | 23.6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Long et al.99 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | March 2020 | China | 36 | Adults | 44.8 +/- 18.2 | 5.6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2.8 |
| Martino et al.100 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Radiological | June 2020 | Italy | 62 | Adults | 71.0 +/- 14.0 | 18.0 | NR | NR | 72.6 | NR | NR | NR |
| Majidi et al.21 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Clinical | July 2020 | Iran | 552 | Adults | 51.2 +/- 14.8 | 7.6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 5.1 |
| Miro et al.101 | Retrospective Cohort, Multi-center | Clinical | January 2021 | Spain | 440 | Adults | 61.0 (46.0–77.0) | 2.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Mo et al.70 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | March 2020 | China | 155 | Adults | 54.0 (42.0–66.0) | 10.3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Pakdemirli et al.102 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Radiological | July 2020 | England | 18 | Adults | 57.0 (NR) | 39.0 | NR | NR | 50.0 | NR | NR | 17.0 |
| Shi et al.3 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Clinical | April 2020 | China | 81 | Adults and Children | 49.5 +/- 11.0 | 5.0 | NR | NR | 32.0 | NR | NR | 6.0 |
| Song et al.15 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | April 2020 | China | 62 | Adults | 49.0 +/- 16.0 | 8.0 | Unilateral (75.0) | 5 < | NR | NR | 7.0 | 6.0 |
| Tabatabaei et al.39 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Radiological | April 2020 | Iran | 120 | Adults | 54.9 +/- 17.1 | 16.7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Toubiana et al.30 | Prospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | June 2020 | France | 21 | Children | 7.9 (3.7–16.6) | 14.3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 47.6 | NR |
| Valverde et al.29 | Retrospective Cohort, Multi-Center | Clinical | January 2021 | Europe | 286 | Children | 8.4 (3.8 - 12.4) | 13.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 28 | NR |
| Vancheri et al.16 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Radiological | May 2020 | Italy | 180 | Adults | 65.0 +/- 16.0 | 6.6 | Unilateral (100) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Wang et al.18 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Radiological | May 2020 | China | 114 | Adults | 53.0 (NR) | 0.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Wang et al.75 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Radiological | March 2020 | China | 90 | Adults | 45.0 +/−14.0 | 7.0 | Bilateral (100) | 11 < (Symptoms) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Wen et al.17 | Cross-Sectional, Multi-Center | Radiological | April 2020 | China | 82 | Adults | 46.0 +/- 15.0 | 1.0 | Unilateral (100) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Wong et al.103 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Radiological | March 2020 | China | 64 | Adults | 56.0 +/- 19.0 | 3.1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Wu et al.104 | Cross-Sectional, Multi-Center | Clinical | February 2020 | China | 80 | Adults | 44.0 +/- 11.0 | 6.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 6.0 | 4.0 |
| Xiang et al.105 | Cross-Sectional, Multi-Center | Radiological | August 2020 | China | 53 | Adults | 53.0 +/- 16.0 | 1.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Xiong et al.74 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Clinical | June 2020 | China | 42 | Adults | 49.5 +/- 14.1 | 11.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 29.0 |
| Xu et al.106 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Clinical | February 2020 | China | 90 | Adults | 50.0 (18.0–86.0) | 4.0 | NR | NR | 56.0 | NR | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Xu et al.107 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | February 2020 | China | 41 | Adults and Children | 43.9 +/- 16.8 | 9.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2.4 |
| Yang et al.108 | Retrospective Cohort, Multi-Center | Clinical | February 2020 | China | 149 | Adults | 45.1 +/- 13.4 | 6.7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4.7 |
| Yin et al.57 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | November 2020 | China | 30 | Adults | 52.7 +/- 15.1 | 13.3 | NR | NR | 90 | NR | 13.0 | 13.0 |
| Zhang et al.35 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Clinical | July 2020 | China | 18 | Adults | 29.1 +/- 2.8 | 11.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Zhao et al.59 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | May 2020 | China | 101 | Adults and Children | 44.4 +/- 12.3 | 13.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 1.0 |
| Zhou et al.60 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | June 2020 | China | 62 | Adults | 52.8 +/- 12.2 | 9.7 | NR | NR | 48.4 | 56.5 | NR | NR |
| Zhu et al.24 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | July 2020 | China | 72 | Adults | 55.6 +/- 12.8 | 6.9 | NR | NR | 52.8 | 31.9 | NR | NR |
| Zhu et al.109 | Retrospective Cohort, Single-Center | Clinical | March 2020 | China | 32 | Adults | 40.0 (27.0 – 53.0) | 6.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 3.0 |
Abbreviations: IQR : interquartile range, NR : non-reported, N : number of patients, SD : standard deviation, Y : years.