Table 2.
Summary of 18 case reports/series for COVID-19 patients with pleural effusions and studies performed in SARS and MERS patients with pleural effusions.
| COVID-19 Case Reports/Series |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Study Design | Study Type | Month, Year | Country | Patients (N) | Patient Type | Age (Y) Mean +/- SD, Median (IQR) | Pleural Effusion (%) | Location of Pleural Effusion (%) | Admission Days to 1st Pleural Effusion | Pleural thickening (%) | Pleural Retraction (%) | Pericardial Effusion (%) | H/M Lymph-adenopathy (%) |
| Albarello et al.9 | Case Series | Radiological | February 2020 | Italy | 2 | Adults | 60s | 100 | Unilateral (50.0) | 7 < (Symptoms) | 100 | NR | 50.0 | 100 |
| Chiotos et al.110 | Case Series | Clinical | July 2020 | USA | 6 | Children | 8.5 +/- 3.5 | 16.7 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Chong et al.78 | Case Series | Clinical | September 2020 | USA | 4 | Adults | 56.5 +/- 8.9 | 100 | Unilateral (75.0) | 18 < | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Fahad et al.45 | Case Report | Clinical | November 2020 | Iraq | 1 | Adult | 72.0 | 100 | Unilateral (100) | 10 < (Symptoms) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Gong et al.10 | Case Series | Clinical | July 2020 | China | 10 | Adults | 29.4 +/- 4.5 | 60 | Bilateral (100) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Hussein et al.82 | Case Report | Clinical | October 2020 | Qatar | 1 | Adult | 52.0 | 100 | Unilateral (100) | 21 < (Symptoms) | 100 | NR | NR | NR |
| Lescure et al.111 | Case Series | Clinical | March 2020 | France | 5 | Adults | 47.0 +/- 18.1 | 20 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Lin et al.7 | Case Report | Clinical | February 2020 | China | 1 | Adult | 61.0 | 100 | Bilateral (100) | 9 < | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Malik et al.6 | Case Report | Clinical | July 2020 | Pakistan | 1 | Adult | 38.0 | 100 | Bilateral (100) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Matsuda et al.112 | Case Report | Clinical | October 2020 | Brazil | 1 | Child | 10.0 | 100 | Bilateral (100) | 7< (Symptoms) | NR | NR | 100 | NR |
| Mei et al.81 | Case Report | Clinical | July 2020 | Italy | 1 | Adult | 72.0 | 100 | Bilateral (100) | 6 < | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Morris et al.31 | Case Series | Clinical | October 2020 | USA | 16 | Adults | 34.2 +/- 10.2 | 37.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 31.3 | 6.3 |
| Riphagen et al.27 | Case Series | Clinical | May 2020 | UK | 8 | Children | 8.9 +/- 3.4 | 37.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Rostad et al.34 | Case Series | Clinical | January 2021 | USA | 11 | Children | 9.0 +/- 3.5 | 81.8 | Bilateral (66.7) | NR | NR | NR | 81.8 | NR |
| Shi et al.11 | Case Report | Clinical | March 2020 | China | 1 | Adult | 57.0 | 100 | NR | 3 < | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Sokolovsky et al.32 | Case Report | Clinical | June 2020 | USA | 1 | Adult | 36.0 | 100 | Right (100) | 7 < (Symptoms) | NR | NR | 100 | NR |
| Tham et al.46 | Case Series | Clinical | November 2020 | Singapore | 4 | Adults | 31.8 +/- 6.4 | 75.0 | Unilateral (100) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Zhu et al.8 | Case Series | Clinical | February 2020 | China | 3 | Adults | 47.3 +/- 11.9 | 33.3 | Bilateral (100) | 11 < (Symptoms) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| SARS Studies | ||||||||||||||
| Author | Study Design | Study Type | Month, Year | Country | Patients (N), | Patient Type | Age (Y) Mean +/- SD, Median (IQR) | Pleural Effusion (%) | Location of Pleural Effusion (%) | Admission Days to 1st Pleural Effusion | Pleural thickening (%) | Pleural Retraction (%) | Pericardial Effusion (%) | H/M Lymph-adenopathy (%) |
| Chan et al.113 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Radiological | January 2004 | China | 27 | Adults | 45.0 (17.0–72.0) | 26.0 | NR | 18 < (Symptoms) | 59.0 | NR | NR | NR |
| Joynt et al.61 | Case Series | Radiological | February 2004 | China | 8 | Adults | 52.9 +/- 10.6 | 12.5 | Unilateral (100) | 14 < (Symptoms) | 12.5 | 12.5 | NR | NR |
| Muller et al.114 | Cross-Sectional, Multi-Center | Radiological | July 2003 | Canada and China | 25 | Adults | 44.0 (24.0 – 82.0) | 8.0 | Bilateral (100) | 9 < | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Muller et al.115 | Cross-Sectional, Multi-Center | Radiological | January 2004 | Canada and China | 12 | Adults | 38.0 +/- NR | 8.3 | Bilateral (100) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Ooi et al.116 | Cross-Sectional, Multi-Center | Radiological | March 2004 | Canada and China | 30 | Adults | 42.5 +/−12.2 | 7.1 | Bilateral (100) | 14 < (Symptoms) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Wong et al.67 | Cross-Sectional, Single-Center | Radiological | December 2004 | China | 70 | Adults | 39.4 +/- 12.8 | 2.9 | Bilateral (50.0) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Wong et al.68 | Retrospective, Cohort, Single-Center | Radiological | August 2003 | China | 40 | Adults and Children | 37.2 +/- NR | 2.5 | Bilateral (100) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2.5 |
| MERS Studies | ||||||||||||||
| Author | Study Design | Study Type | Month, Year | Country | Patients (N), | Patient Type | Age (Y) Mean +/- SD, Median (IQR) | Pleural Effusion (%) | Location of Pleural Effusion (%) | Admission Days to 1st Pleural Effusion | Pleural thickening (%) | Pleural Retraction (%) | Pericardial Effusion (%) | H/M Lymph-adenopathy (%) |
| Ajlan et al.47 | Case Series | Radiological | October 2014 | Saudi Arabia | 7 | Adults | 50.0 (19.0 – 83.0) | 42.8 | Bilateral (100) | 9 < (Symptoms) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Das et al.48 | Retrospective, Cohort, Single-Center | Radiological | September 2015 | Saudi Arabia | 55 | Adults and Children | 46.9 +/- NR | 30.9 | NR | 6 < | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Das et al.49 | Case Series | Radiological | April 2015 | Saudi Arabia | 15 | Adults | 48.8 +/- 17.9 | 60.0 | NR | 3 < | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Abbreviations: IQR : interquartile range, NR : non-reported, N : number of patients, SD : standard deviation, Y : years.