Table 3.
Summary of pleural effusions characteristics in COVID-19 patients who received pleural drainage.
| Study | Chen et al.83 | Chong et al.81 | Chong et al.81 | Chong et al.81 | Chong et al.81 | Chong et al.81 | Hussein et al.85 | Mei et al.84 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | Patient 1 | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 1 | Patient 1 |
| Age, Gender | 12 M | 68 M | 62 F | 50 M | 50 M | 46 M | 52 M | 72 M |
| Comorbidities | None | HLD | HTN, HLD, CKD, Diabetes, CAD | None | None | HTN, HLD, CKD, Diabetes, CAD, Asthma | None | HTN |
| Systemic Anticoagulation | NR | Heparin | Heparin | Enoxaparin | Enoxaparin | Enoxaparin | NR | NR |
| Amount Pleural Fluid Removed | 300 ml | 3000 ml | 800 ml | 700 ml | 700 ml | 500 ml | NR | 600 ml |
| Laterality | Right | Left | Left | Left | Right | Right | Right | Bilateral |
| Pleural Fluid | ||||||||
| Color | Serous | Serosanguineous | Serous | Serous | Serosanguineous | Sanguineous | Serosanguineous | Serous |
| White Cell Count (per mm3) | 3060 | 1850 | 2719 | 476 | 600 | 7738 | 2450 | 120 |
| Neutrophil | 2% | 75% | 0% | 11% | 47% | 96% | 41% | NR |
| Lymphocyte | 98% | 9% | 75% | 50% | 30% | 1% | 45% | 92% |
| Eosinophil | NR | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% | 9% | NR |
| Monocyte | NR | 5% | 10% | 39% | 22% | 2% | NR | NR |
| RBC (per mm3) | NR | 555,000 | 88,000 | 2000 | 133,000 | 1010,000 | NR | NR |
| Chemistry | ||||||||
| pH | NR | 7.45 | 7.43 | 7.72 | 7.8 | 7.57 | 7.5 | 7.35 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 291 | 2689 | 672 | 549 | 284 | 3651 | 1185 | 168 |
| Protein (gm/dL) | 4.6 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 6.0 | 2.3 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | NR | 132 | 116 | 209 | 191 | 102 | 263 | 115 |
| Serum | ||||||||
| LDH (150–300 IU/L) | NR | 904 | 434 | 220 | 220 | 160 | 215 | 257 |
| Protein (6–8 gm/dL) | NR | 4.8 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 7.6 | 5.2 |
| Pleural Fluid/Serum LDH Ratio | NR | 3.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 22.8 | 5.5 | 0.7 |
| Pleural Fluid/Serum Protein Ratio | NR | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
| Microbiology | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| SARS-CoV-2 PCR | NR | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | NR | Positive |
| Cytology | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
Abbreviations: F : female, M : male, CAD : coronary arterial disease, CKD : chronic kidney disease, HTN : hypertension, HLD : hyperlipidemia, NR : non-reported.