Table 2.
Summary of oral health status
| Countries | Self-reported oral health (questionnaire/ interviews) | Objective oral health (clinical examination) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dental caries (DC) | Periodontal diseases | Oral cancer | Others | ||
|
United Kingdom (n = 20) |
4 Studies Pakistani reported toothache and Chinese reported sensitivity as most frequent problem Satisfaction with teeth and gums was highest among Africans compared to Asians Overall, impact of oral pain was highest among Chinese and lowest among Black Africans 1 Study on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) Migrants had similar or even better OHRQoL compared to the HP |
6 Studies (children), including 1 study through records Dental caries experience among 5 year old migrant children was statistically higher compared to the host population Eastern European children had significantly higher dental caries compared to other ethnic groups Among BME group, Black African children had lesser dental caries experience compared to all other groups Intra-ethnically, Pakistani and Muslim 5 year old children had significantly worst dental health compared to other ethnic groups and non-Muslim children 2 Studies (adolescents) In the age group of 12 years and above, migrant teenagers report similar or even better oral health compared to the host population South Asian adolescents showed significantly lesser dental caries and tooth erosion compared to the host population 4 Studies (adults), including 1 study through records Overall, migrants exhibited lower dental caries experience and lower edentulousness compared to the host population Intra-ethnically, prevalence of untreated decay was highest among the South Asians compared to Black Caribbean’s |
1 Study (children) Higher gingival bleeding and plaque accumulation was reported among Bangladeshi children compared to the host population 1 Study (adults) Asians had higher pocket depth compared to White British Loss of attachment was higher among Eastern European, Black Africans and Bangladeshi group |
1 Study (oral lesions) Leukoplakia was significantly associated with paan chewing with or without tobacco among migrants 1 Study (oral cancer) Highest rates of oral cancer were seen among Bangladeshi females compared to other ethnic groups Oropharyngeal cancer was lowest in all ethnic groups compared to the host population Nasopharyngeal cancer was highest among Chinese |
2 Studies (adolescents) Orthodontics Black children perceived their need for orthodontics differently to other populations 1 Study (children) Cleft Cleft speech characteristics were not related to ethnicity in children |
|
Germany (n = 6) |
Not studied |
4 Studies (children) Dental caries experience was statistically higher among migrant children was compared to the host population. Fissure sealants were lower among migrant children compared to the German children 3 Studies (adolescents) Higher dental caries experience was reported among migrants compared to the host population Caries free teeth increased statistically among migrant adolescents compared to the host population 2 Studies (adults) Dental caries experience among adult migrants was similar and even lower compared to the host population. Overall, migrants had lower DMFT compared to the host population |
Not studied | Not studied |
1 Study (adolescents) Orthodontic needs Higher needs were seen among migrant adolescents compared to the host population 1 study (adults) plaque accumulation and bleeding gums Higher accumulation and bleeding of gums reported among migrant adults compared to the host population |
|
Sweden (n = 9) |
2 Studies Odds of chewing problems and denture wearing were higher among migrants compared to the host population Overall, signs of reported poor oral health were seen among migrants compared to the host population |
3 Studies (children) Higher dental caries among was reported migrant children compared to the host population 1 Study (adolescents) Dental caries became lower and almost equal between migrants and the host population in adolescents Newly arrived migrants had more initial caries that is at enamel level Migrant adolescents arriving after the age of 7 years or more had 2–3 times higher dental caries compared to the host population 1 Study through records (adolescents) Approximal caries increment showed increase among Eastern European and Asian migrants |
Not studied |
1 Study (adults) Higher risk of nasopharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer was observed among migrants, especially South Asians (Chinese) and north Africans |
Not studied |
|
Italy (n = 4) |
Not studied |
4 Studies (children) Early childhood caries and levels of untreated caries was significantly higher among the migrant children (3 times more probability) compared to the host children |
Not studied | Not studied | Not studied |
|
Norway (n = 4) |
Not studied |
5 Studies (children) Higher dental caries was seen among 3 and 5 year old migrant children compared to the host population |
Not studied | Not studied | Not studied |
|
Spain (n = 4) |
1 Study Self-reported dental caries and tooth loss was among migrants was higher compared to the host population Gingival bleeding was higher among Spanish women compared to migrant women |
2 Studies (children) Higher dental caries experience was observed among 12 year old migrant children compared to the host population 3 Studies (adolescents) Dental caries experience among 15 year old migrant adolescents was higher compared to the host population |
Not studied | Not studied | Not studied |
|
The Netherlands (n = 1) |
Not studied |
1 Study (children) Higher dental caries experience was seen among migrant children compared to the host population |
Not studied | Not studied | Not studied |
|
Denmark (n = 2) |
Not studied |
2 Studies (children) Dental caries among Danish children aged 3, 5 and 7 was statistically lower compared to the migrant children Only Somalin children showed lowest dental caries experience compared to all other groups 2 Studies (adolescents) Dental caries prevalence was similar among all groups Only Albanian 15 year old had statistically higher dental caries experience compared to Danish teenagers |
Not studied | Not studied | Not studied |
|
Greece (n = 2) |
Not studied |
2 Studies (children) Comparatively higher dental caries experience was observed among migrant children compared to the host population |
Not studied | Not studied | Not studied |
|
Austria (n = 1) |
Not studied |
1 Study (children) Higher dental caries experience was observed among migrant children compared to the host population |
Not studied | Not studied | Not studied |
n total number of studies