Table 1:

Characteristics of included studies

Study	Country	Years conducteda	Sample	N people	N person yearsb
1. Accurso, 2015(39)	United States	1990–2010	People “abusing” cocaine and presenting for detoxification at Chemical Dependence Unit at John Hopkins Bayview Medical Center in Baltimore between 1990–1991	315	5780*
2. Arendt, 2011(40)	Denmark	1996–2006	People receiving publicly funded treatment for illicit substance use disorder and primarily using cocaine across Denmark between 1996–2006, identified from the Danish Substance Abuse Treatment Register	838	2571*
3. Barrio, 2013(41)	Spain	2004–2010	People who reported regular cocaine use (≥ 52 days/last year) recruited from drug scenes and non-treatment settings in Madrid, Barcelona, and Seville, Spain, between 2004–2006	714	3922
4. Bohnert, 2017(23)	United States	2006–2011	People receiving Veteran Health Administration (VHA) care in the 2005 financial year diagnosed with cocaine use disorder and still alive in 2006 as identified using VHA National Patient Care Database	83808	468560*
5. Callaghan, 2013(22) (Callaghan, 2012(42))	United States	1990–2005	People hospitalised with a cocaine use disorder diagnosis in California between 1990–2005 from the Patient Discharge Database	48949	395738
6. de la Fuente, 2016(43) (Brugal, 2016(44); Colell, 2018(45); Molist, 2018(21))	Spain	1997–2008	People starting drug treatment for cocaine use disorder in a publicly owned or funded treatment centre in Barcelona and Madrid between 1997–2007	11905	65849*
7. Dias, 2011(46)c	Brazil	1992–2006	People who were consecutively admitted patients to Taipas General Hospital’s inpatient treatment for crack/cocaine dependence between 1992–1994	131	1182*
8. Gossop, 2002(47)c	United Kingdom	1995–1999	People who self-reported cocaine misuse recruited to treatment programs throughout England in 1995 as part of National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS) cohort	227	926*
9. Hayashi, 2016(48) (Tyndall, 2001(49))	Canada	1996–2011	People who injected cocaine in the 6 months prior to enrolling in the open cohorts of Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study (VIDUS) and AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate access to Survival Sciences (ACCESS) in Vancouver between 1996–2011	1719	11749
10. Hser, 2012(50)	United States	2002–2010	Mothers enrolled in a drug treatment program with cocaine as the primary drug of concern between 2000–2002 across California as identified through California Treatment Outcome Project (CalTOP)	511	5471*
11. Lopez, 2004 (OFDT)(51)c	France	1992–2001	People arrested in 1992, 1993, 1996 and 1997 for cocaine/crack use/dealing as identified through database of police questioning files for use of narcotics	2212	11496
12. Markota, 2016(52)	United States	1999–2011	People aged 13–18 years old attending drug and alcohol treatment and with a positive cocaine urinary toxicology screen administered at clinical sites within Mayo Health Care System between 1999–2011	63	308*
13. Martell, 2009^(53)	United States	2003–2005	People with cocaine and opioid dependence enrolled in a randomised clinical trial for cocaine vaccine from greater New Haven between 2003–2005	114	58*
14. Nielsen, 2011(54)	Denmark	1999–2009	People diagnosed with cocaine abuse and at least one contact with a homeless shelter in Denmark between 1999–2009 as identified by the Danish Homeless Register	525	5362*
15. O’Driscoll, 2001(55)	United States	1994–1997	People who inject drugs within Seattle and King County and reported cocaine as their primary drug recruited between 1994–1996	340	931*
16. Pavarin, 2017(56) (Pavarin, 2008(57); Pavarin, 2013(58))	Italy	1989–2013	Individuals admitted to a public drug treatment for problems caused by primary use of cocaine in Bologna (North Italy) between 1989–2013	678	4753*
17. Ryb, 2009(59)	United States	1983–1997	People discharged from R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center with a positive cocaine urinary toxicology screen at admission between 1983–1995	2451	15932*
18. Sanvisens, 2014(60)	Spain	1985–2008	Patients admitted to hospital detoxification for primary cocaine abuse at one of three tertiary care facilities in Barcelona and the surrounding metropolitan area between 1985–2006	945	7155
19. van Haastrecht, 1996(61)c	Netherlands	1985–1993	People who are HIV+ and HIV- who self-reported injecting cocaine and were recruited in Amsterdam between 1985–1992 through “low-threshold” methadone programs and clinic workers for people who use drugs and engage in sex work.	632d	194
20. Vlahov, 2008(62)	United States	1997–2002	People who inject drugs with self-reported injecting of cocaine everyday recruited from five U.S. cities between 1997–1999 through community-based outreach methods and enrolled in the second Collaborative Injection Drug Users Study (CIDUS-II)	102	486
21. Wang, 2005(63)c	United States	1988–2005	People who inject drugs who self-reported cocaine use in the previous 6 months, recruited through community in Baltimore between 1988–1989 and 1994–1998 and enrolled in AIDS Linked to Intravenous Experience study (ALIVE)	518#	3727

Note. Italics denotes associated secondary paper for the cohort;

^*Person years were not reported by study but calculated using formula within Appendix H;

^{^}Denotes that the study was a randomised controlled trial (RCT);

^#Denotes that the information was provided by the authors on request;

^aPeriod covers the start of recruitment until the end of follow-up;

^bPerson-years were rounded to nearest whole number, though exact person-years reported were used for analysis;

^cStudy was included in the previous review and information differs due to additional information being provided;

^dStudy does not specify proportion of cohort that uses cocaine, but provides number of deaths within those who use cocaine.