Figure 3.

Pooled associations of depression characteristics with plasma lipid and amino acid metabolites identified in the primary analyses, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, aspirin use, statin use, other lipid-lowering medications and hormone therapy. (a) Associations with current and past depression. Participants were categorized into three groups - past depression (defined as history of depression without current depressive symptoms or current antidepressant use), current depression (defined as current elevated depressive symptoms or current antidepressant use regardless of depression history) and those with no evidence of depression (no current depressive symptoms, no antidepressant use, and no depression history). The reference group included women with no evidence of depression. (b) Associations with depression status by antidepressant use. Participants were categorized into four groups – (1) presence of current depressive symptoms or history of depression with antidepressant use; (2) presence of current depressive symptoms or history of depression without antidepressant use; (3) antidepressant use with neither current depressive symptoms nor history of depression; and (4) no current depressive symptoms, history of depression or antidepressant use (reference). P: nominal p-value; Bold: FDR-p<0.05

Abbreviations: GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid; Glu: glutamate; Gln: glutamine; 5-HT: serotonin; Trp: tryptophan; Val: valine.