Figure 2.

Interaction with surgery mice but not with intruders induced consolation in mice. Familiar observers were housed in the same cage with surgery mice for 1 h or intruders were housed in the same cage with original resident mice for 1 h. (A) Performance in the light and dark box test. (B) Performance in the elevated plus maze test. (C) Tail or mouth sniffing behavior. (D) Allo-grooming behavior of familiar observers and resident mice. (E) Self-grooming behavior. (F) Allo-grooming behavior of surgery mice and familiar observers. All results except for results in panel E are mean ± SEM (n = 12 - 14 for panel A, 6 - 10 for panel B, 9 - 12 for panel C, 16 - 18 for panel D, 12 - 16 for panel F). Results in panel E are in box plot format (n = 9 - 12). ● : lowest or highest score (the score will not show up if it falls in the 95th percentile); between lines: 95th percentile of the data; inside boxes: 25th to 75th percentile including the median of the data. * P < 0.05 compared with corresponding values to resident mice; ^ P < 0.05 compared with the corresponding values to familiar observers; # P < 0.05 compared with the allo-grooming value of surgery mice toward familiar observers; & P < 0.05 compared with the allo-grooming value of surgery mice toward surgery mice.