Figure 1.

Lactate and TME acidosis positively correlated with PAs invasion. A and B, Expression levels of (A) LDHA and (B) LAMP2 genes in invasive PA samples (n = 32) versus noninvasive samples (n = 32). C and D, Correlation of tumor size with (C) LDHA and (D) LAMP2 expression levels (n = 64). E and F, Representative immunofluorescence images of human PA samples co-stained with (E) LDHA or (F) LAMP2 (green) and β-Actin (red) demonstrated more lactate production and greater TME acidosis in invasive PAs compared with noninvasive PAs. Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Original magnification, ×200. Scale bar, 50 µm. All t-tests were two-tailed. Mean ± SEM.