Figure 1.

Exosome-mediated intercellular communication in the progression of atherosclerosis. Exosomes could be secreted by all types of the cells involved in atherosclerosis, such as monocytes, macrophages, platelet, endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Intercellular communication via exosomes occurs, transmitting signal from one cell type to another, contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis. Detailed roles of the exosomes from different origins should be different, and thus the exosomes act as either bystanders or performers in the process. ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein.