Table 1.

ERβ function (tumor suppressive or proliferative) and observed associations in studies in different cancer types: breast, prostate, thyroid, and colon.

Cancer Type	ERβ Function			ERβ Associations in Studies
Breast	ERα+	Tumor-suppressive	Omoto et al. [91,107] Secreto et al. [108] Haldosen et al. [109]	No correlation with clinical variables	Hopp et al. [110] De Cremoux et al. [111] Stefanou et al. [112] Madeira et al. [113]
	Erα−	Tumor-suppressive	Gruvberger-Saal et al. [114] Honma et al. [115,116] Reese et al. [117] Schuler-Toprak et al. [118]	There is a correlation with clinical variables	Reviewed in Zhou et al. [75]
		Proliferative	Austin et al. [119] Piperigkou et al. [120]
Prostate	Tumor-suppressive		Cheng et al. [97] Dey et al. [90] Hussain et al. [98] Wu et al. [99]	ERβ↑	Decreased BFFS: Grindstad et al. [100]
	Proliferative		Grindstad et al. [100]	ERβ↓	High grade neoplasia: Fiexemer et al. [101] Metastasis:Lai et al. [102] Leav et al. [53]
Thyroid	Tumor-suppressive		Dong et al. [121] Zeng et al. [122] Cho et al. [123]	ERβ-negative → Poor outcome: Heikkilä et al. [124] Recurrence: Ahn et al. [125] Nodal metastasis: Dong et al. [126]
Colon	Tumor-suppressive		Hartman et al. [127] Giroux et al. [128] Saleiro et al. [129]	ERβ↓	Tumor progression: Elbanna et al. [130] Foley et al. [131] Konstantinopoulos [132] Jassam et al. [133]
				ERβ-	Poorer OS and DFS: Rudolph et al. [134] Fang et al. [135]

ERβ↑: ERβ increasing; ERβ↓: ERβ decreasing; BFFS: Biochemical failure free survival; OS: overall survival; DFS: disease free survival.