Table 1.

The 9-Item Social Media Disorder Scale—Parental Version (SMDS-P) and the corresponding the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria.

Item	Criterion	During the Past Year, Has Your Son/Daughter…
1	Preoccupation	regularly found that he/she can’t think of anything else but the moment that he/she will be able to use social media again?
2	Withdrawal	often felt bad when he/she could not use social media?
3	Tolerance	regularly felt dissatisfied because he/she wanted to spend more time on social media?
4	Persistence	tried to spend less time on social media, but failed?
5	Displacement	regularly neglected other activities (e.g., hobbies, sport) because he/she wanted to use social media?
6	Problem	regularly had arguments with others because of his/her social media use?
7	Deception	regularly lied to you, your family, or friends about the amount of time he/she spend on social media?
8	Escape	often used social media to escape from negative feelings?
9	Conflict	had serious conflict with you, your partner, his/her brother(s) or sister(s) because of his/her social media use?

Notes: The nine criteria are based on the DSM-5 criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder. Answers can be given in a dichotomous response format with “no” (0) or “yes” (1). DSM-5 = 5th revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Sum scores greater than four were associated with problematic social media use.