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. 2021 Feb 8;11(2):430. doi: 10.3390/nano11020430

Figure 12.

Figure 12

A morphology of hierarchical pore structures. (A) (A-1–A-3) Fabrication steps of hierarchical nanopore array, (A-4,A-5) AFM (atomic force microscope) top side views of hierarchical nanoporous anodic alumina, and (A-6) cross-section of the corresponding image. Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [29]. Copyright 2010 Wiley. (B) SEM images of tapered nanopores obtained by mild anodization in different electrolytes. (B-1) 0.3 M sulfuric acid, 20 s (dint = 50 nm) and (B-2) 0.3 M oxalic acid, 40 s (dint = 95 nm). Reprinted (adapted) with permission from [180]. Copyright 2019 Elsevier.