Table 1.

Case studies utilizing plant-based diets in the clinical treatment of heart failure accompanied by reduced ejection fraction.

Subject Characteristics	Intervention	Duration	Findings	Author
1 overweight male, 79 years of age	Plant-based diet comprised of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and whole grains	2 months	↑ EF ↓ angina	Choi et al. 2017 [9]
1 obese female, 54 years of age	Plant-based diet comprised of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and whole grains	5 ½ months	↑ EF	Alllen et al. 2019 [10]
1 obese female (46 years), 2 obese males (58 and 70 years of age),	Plant-based diet comprised of primarily raw fruits, vegetables and seeds with some whole grains	~79 days	↑ EF, stroke volume, cardiac output ↓ LV mass, angina	Najjjar and Montgomery, 2019 [11]

↑ denotes increase, and ↓ denotes decrease. Abbreviations: EF: ejection fraction; LV: left ventricle.